| Based on the characteristics of China’s energy resource endowment and social&economic development,China’s energy development has been based on coal for long time,and China’s power development is dominated by coal-fired power since the founding of New China.For decades,coal and coal-fired power have undertaken the important mission of demand of social&economic development and energy&electricity,as well as the safe and stable operation of the power system.On the one hand,coal-based energy and power structure brings serious atmospheric environmental pollution.Among them,coal-fired pollution showed composite pollution characterized by typical dust,sulfur dioxide,nitrogen oxide emissions and fine particulate matter.On the other hand,coping with climate change is becoming increasingly prominent.Due to the nature of high Carbon content of coal,the development of coal and coal-fired power has been increasingly challenged.On the premise of ensuring energy and electricity security and promoting the development of the national economy,while dealing with environmental pollution and addressing climate change,China’s power industry has grown stronger in the continuous fight against pollution and energy conservation.Especially since the open and reform,the Party and the state have continuously improved environmental protection and energy-saving regulations and policies.In terms of power development,new environmental economic policies and new measures have been introduced to the transition from the planned economy to the market economy to meet the requirements of t power productivity and social progress.In 2019,China’s gross domestic product(GDP)is close to 100 trillion yuan,and its per capita GDP is more than 10000 US dollars,ranking among the middle and high-income countries.According to the new development requirements of the 19th national congress of the communist party of China(CPC),it is an arduous task for the energy,environment and economy to find new ideas and methods in a new era.Based on the requirements of the power industry from the new era development,this paper analyzes the applicable economic policy tools for coal power atmospheric pollutant control and Carbon emission reduction,and builds a framework for environmental economic policies in the new era,with method of theoretical analysis combined with empirical analysis and supported by model tools.The paper focuses on analyzing the mechanism and cost-benefit of Carbon trading and environmental protection electricity price policies,and puts forward conclusions and policy recommendations.Firstly,the basic concepts and research reviews show that the coal-fired power generation industry is the main sector for China to implement environmental economic policies.The policy connotation and implementation effects are crucial to the national economy,environmental protection,and energy development.This article introduces and combs the background and connotation of environmental economic policies,and analyzes the theories of environmental economic policies that have an important impact on China’s coal-fired power generation,including energy economic theory,energy economic environment "3E" balance theory,and energy development constraints Theories,as well as Coase Theorem and Pigou’s Theorem;analyze the theoretical basis of environmental economy in the development of coal-fired power in China,and put forward the basic requirements of environmental economic policies for coal-fired power generation in the new era.Secondly,it studies the international experience of coal-fired power environmental economic policies.The environmental economic policies adopted by industrialized countries in responding to environmental issues during the process of industrialization and urbanization are based on the types of major pollutants,the degree of impact,the scope and characteristics,and the duration,with good policy flexibility.The emphasis and content of environmental economic policies in different periods are also different.This paper analyzes environmental taxes(fees),permission,and subsidies,and focuses on the emissions trading system and taxation system.Thirdly,it analyzes China’s coal-fired power environmental economic policies.A series of environmental economic policies that are conducive to control pollutants and reduce emissions by China under the general trend of energy transformation,including sewage charges,price policies(electricity price subsidies),tax policies,financial policies,etc.The historical context and mechanism initially put forward ideas for policy optimization.Fourthly,it proposes a coal-fired power environmental economic policy framework in the new period,analyzes the basic requirements for the development of energy and power in the new era,the position of coal-fired power in the process of energy and power transition,and the main problems that exist,and put forward the policy tools that need to be canceled,improved,and added in the new environmental economic policy framework.Fifthly,the impact of the two key policies of Carbon trading and environmental protection electricity prices on coal-fired power companies was analyzed,and the impact of environmental protection electricity prices on coal-fired power enterprises was investigated according to different regions,different units,and different power generation hours,especially pollution control cost level and sensitivity factors of environmental protection electricity price under the background of power transformation.Sixthly,put forward conclusions and recommendations.It is pointed out that coal-fired power of the new era will play a key role in building a clean,low-Carbon and green economy.In terms of environmental governance,it is necessary to scientifically carry out policy design under ultra-low emission conditions of coal-fired power and explore pollutant control policies under ultra-low emission;and from the perspective of low-Carbon development,promote market-based emission reduction as the main environmental economic policy.Recommendations:First,environmental economic policy reform should be combined with the new situation and requirements of power transformation and development;second,the top-level design of the low-Carbon development economic policy system should be improved;and third,Carbon market mechanism with Chinese characteristics should be formed.The market mechanism is synergistic.The fourth is to adapt to market-oriented reforms and gradually adjust environmental protection electricity prices. |
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