Interfacial Control And Energy Conversion Performances Of One-Dimensional Nanostructured Zinc Oxide

The efficient conversion of energy in industrial production is in the ascendant.Recently,acquisition,conversion and storage needs for solar energy,nuclear energy and other new energy in fields of electronic information,optical communication,energy storage efficient are increasing.In recent years,one-dimensional(1-D)semiconductor nanomaterials have become the focus of new energy conversion research because of their unique applications in mesoscopic physics and nano-devices.ZnO(Zinc Oxide)nanowires/nanorods can be used as a efficient energy-conversion material in photovoltaics and betavoltaics due to its good physical and chemical characteristics,high level breakdown electric field and electron saturation speed.However,the existing ZnO based opto-electric conversion devices are deficient in low energy conversion efficiency,complicated device preparation process and low possibility of mass production.A single 1-D ZnO suffers the lack of built-in electric fields to separate electron hole pairs and high interfacial resistance.According to the above two key problems,we managed to perform researches based on betavoltaic effect and photovoltaic effect.It provides a feasible and effective solution to the energy and sensing problem in the field of microsystems.The main innovation works is summarized as follows:1.Calculation of the theoretical energy conversion efficiency of 1-d ZnO nanostructured betavoltaic battery through mathematical model;The energy deposition model of the betavoltaics was established by Monte Carlo method,which can be used to determine the optimal physical size of ZnO nanorods.2.Betavoltaic effect of on ZnO nanorods array structure(ZNRAs).The metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)layer were used to interfacial optimization of ZNRAs.In a betavoltaics,the isotope 63Ni was used as both the? source,and SWCNTs were used as the flexible conductive layer.The optimal content of SWCNTs was studied to obtain the best output of 7.78 nA/cm2 and energy conversion efficiency of 3.58%.In addition,the photodetection performances of the device were also tested.3.A self-powered photodetector based on the "face-to-face" ZNRAs.The ZNRAs were prepared on two different substrates to form schottky contact and ohmic contact.The ZNRAs of the two substrates were assembled through a face to face way.Compared with single-face ZNRAs structure,the face-to-face photodetector exhibits a "1+1>2" enhanced photoelectric capability.The optimal device exhibits a photo-responsivity of 2.45 mA/W and a output relative balance of 93.5%in a 4250-s long-term test.Under a low UV irradiation of 50?W/cm2,the device presents a detectivity of 4.17×109 Jones.4.Development of photoconductive photodetectors based on 1-D ZnO/low-dimensional carbon material composite network.By combining graphene and SWCNTs with ZnO nanowires to form composite network structures,the photoresponse performance of 1-D ZnO-based photodetectors can be effectively improved.Furthermore,the opto-electrical conversion performance of these two structures was systematically compared.