Research On The Implementation Of Energy Saving And Emission Reduction Policy (2011-2015)

The implementation of resource and environmental policies is a very attractive area in the public policy research in current China.On the one hand,the central government pays great attention to the protection and management of the ecological environment.On the other hand,people’s satisfaction with the resource and environmental policies remains low,environmental activism and resistance are no longer uncommon.From both the theoretical and empirical perspective,many scholars believe that the key to this paradox is the implementation of resource and environmental policies.This paper focuses on the energy conservation and emission reduction policies,one of the most representative policies in the resource and environmental area.Based on the research framework of “target performance-policy tools-policy network”,this paper will analyze the implementation of the energy conservation and emission reduction policies during the “12th Five-Year Plan” period.This paper first establishes a multi-angle research framework of “target performance-policy tools-policy network”.The target performance is mainly used to measure whether the policy has reached the set targets at different stages,and to locate the specific areas that have not achieved the goal for in-depth analysis.The policy tool is a concrete carrier of policy implementation,providing an analytical perspective on whether the policy implementation is effective.It is also conducive to the meticulous interpretation of policy implementation deviations.The policy implementation network adopts organizational theory and game theory,which can effectively make up for the shortcomings of the traditional research paradigms,and provide a diversified structured perspective and a foundation of introducing other analytical tools.It also has a strong theoretical value for in-depth interpretation of policy implementation deviations.In total,the target performance study attempts to answer whether the implementation results meet the policy objectives,while the policy tools and policy networks focus on explaining the reasons for the policy implementation results,all of which are necessary and sufficient for policy implementation research.After clarifying the research framework,this paper analyzes the energy conservation and emission reduction policies of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” in the order of target performance,policy tools,and policy networks.In terms of target performance,this paper sorts out the policy evolution process of energy conservation and emission reduction,and analyzes the main characteristics reflected in the policy evolution from the perspective of public policy.It further clarifies the boundaries of energy conservation and emission reduction policies through analyzing their relationships with ecological civilization,low carbon,environmental protection and other related concepts.After clarifying the concept and boundaries of the energy conservation and emission reduction policy,a policy research pool was established based on the central policy principles,core related principles and policy abstraction principles.The policy pool summarized a comprehensive target pedigree of energy conservation and emission reduction during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period,which contains 5 core objectives,11 sub-goals and 26 specific targets.Each target and its performance is evaluated through analyzing data from statistical yearbooks,special bulletins of relevant ministries or departments etc.Preliminary conclusions on the performance of the targets are therefore obtained.In terms of policy tools,the three-point method of Vatan is adopted as the basic theoretical model.The policy documents in the energy conservation and emission reduction policy library are classified and summarized according to the three-point method.3 policy types,11 policy tools and 28 detailed policies are summarized as a comprehensive policy tool system.At the same time,the implementation of various policies is analyzed through the questionnaire survey of professionals.The survey result has shown that a series of policy measures such as “energy conservation and emission reduction index control” have played a key role in achieving energy conservation and emission reduction targets,and achieved good results as well.However,there are symbolic implementations,invalid implementations,etc.in the policy implementation to a certain extent.In terms of policy network,this paper analyzes the scopes and characteristics of the mainstream policy network models,and selects the Roots model as the basic model for this paper.Based on the Roots model,a network system of energy conservation and emission reduction policies is established,which includes policy community,inter-provincial network,producer network,professional network and agenda network.The composition of the network and relationships between its sub-networks is further elaborated.Afterwards,a game analysis method is introduced to analyze the key relationships between the “policy community internal”,“policy community-inter-city network” and “future network-production network”.Meanwhile,the results of the questionnaire survey are added to mutually confirm with the network analysis and game analysis.Hence,the relationships between the various subjects in energy conservation and emission reduction is expounded from a more empirical perspective.Based on the examination of the energy conservation and emission reduction policies during the “12th Five-Year Plan” from three perspectives,the paper summarizes the implementation status,and identifies the main deviation and deviation types.It points out that,there are problems like narrow and complicated target setting,symbolic execution under authoritarian pressure,mismatched policy instruments issued by inter-departmental competition,inefficient rewarding,and marginalization of public rights in the process.This paper accordingly give specific suggestions for improving,such as optimizing target setting,diversifing policy tool,and improving policy network.