Oil Vehicle Selections And Biological Functions Studies Of Coniugated Linolenic Acid(Punicic Acid)

Animal and cell culture studies found that conjugated linolenic acids (CLN) have many physiological functions, such as anticancer, anti-obesity, improve lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory, enhance immunity, and reduce fasting blood glucose level etc. Punicic acid (9c,11t,13c-18:3) is an important CLN isomers belonging to an omega-5fatty acids family, and PA can be partly converted into9c,11t-conjugated linoleic acid (9c,11t-CLA) in vivo. This thesis mainly includes the following4parts:Part I Oil vehicle selection for Conjugated linolenic acid (PA) Effects of oil vehicle with different fatty acid composition (C18:1and C18:2n-6) or different form (triglyceride-form and diglyceride-form) on the metabolism and function study of PA were studied in this part.The result showed that, olive oil is a better suitable oil vehicle or placebo for metabolism and functions study of PA after taking liver and renal functions, serum and liver lipids composition, fatty acids composition of liver, kidney, brain and heart, and the related protein expression into consideration.Part II Anti-diabete effect and possible mechanisms of PA and CLA Dietary PSO rich in PA can decrease the fasting glucose (p<0.01) and HOMA-IR (p<0.01), and increase the HOMA-ISI in DM rats (p<0.01), while CLA intake can only decrease the fasting glucose (p<0.05). Dietary PSO rich in PA can significantly restore the SFA composition. Both PA and CLA intake can significantly increase DHA and Total n-3PUFA composition, and PA is more effective than CLA (p<0.01).Compared with diabetic model group, pomegranate seed oil rich in PA can significantly inhibit the mRNA expression of NF-kB, PI3k and Gsk-3?(p<0.01), and the expression was0.5-fold,0.26-fold, and0.37-fold by diabete control group, respectively and PA can significantly downregulated IRSR mRNA of (p<0.05). PA can significantly upregulate the mRNA expression of Adipoq, PPARa and PPARy (p<0.01), and the expression level was2.01-fold,7.16-fold,1.65-fold and2.98-fold by diabete control group, respectively; PA also can significantly increase the GLUT4mRNA expression by1.77-fold than diabetes control group. Meanwhile, CLA intakes can only upregulate the PPARy expression in liver. In conclusion, dietary PSO rich in PA is more effectively in anti-diabetes than CLA, and the possible antidiabetic mechanism of PA may be partly induced by PA itself as a PPARa and PPARy and inhibit the expression the GSK-3, NF-kB and Adipoq mRNA, and activation of PI3k/p-AKT pathway, while CLA may be due to upregulate the PPARy mRNA expression.Part III Anti-cancer effect of PA and ?-ESA Mono-PA and mono-a-ESA with97%+purity were used in this part. The result showed that, both PA and a-ESA can induce apoptosis in A375cells, and PA is more effective than a-ESA at a dose of10?M, the cell viability of PAis41.5%while a-ESA is60.1%.PA can significantly decrease the MUFA, and increase DHA, n-6PUFA, n-3PUFA, and n-3/n-6ratio of A375cells membrane, but not for a-ESA. Both PA and a-ESA can be converted to9c,11t-CLA in cells, the apoptic effect of PA may partly attribute to CLA, and PA itself, while the apoptic effect of a-ESA only attribute to CLA.Part ? The geographical and ecological environment may affect PA content in Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds Changxing belongs to a subtropical monsoon climate zone; Anguo, belongs to semi-arid continental monsoon climate zone; Jincheng, belongs to warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate zone, and Binzhou belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate zone.Significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds from the four climate zones. In the temperate, continental monsoon climate zone, the higher the latitude, the lower the annual average temperature, the lessr annual rainfall, and the higher content of PA and PUFA in Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds.