| With the quickly development of Chinese industrialization, sustainable development is more and more limited by the resources and environment. Eco-Industrial Park as a product resulting from the exploratory and practice of circular economy and sustainable development by people, has been not only a main task of Ecological transformation of the industrial parks in many nations, but also a important way and carrier of implementing science-based development and ecological civilization in China. China started construction of ecological industrial demonstration park pilots in 1999, and Guigang Group as the first pilot was approved by the former State Environmental Protection Administration in August 2001. This marks a fully beginning at the construction of eco-industrial parks(EIPs). As of December 2010,46 national EIPs have been approved by the State, sector-integrate eco-industrial parks (SIEIPs)totalled 39, accounting for 78% of the total. The EIPs have been achieving remarkable results in the optimization of industrial structure, improving energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution and improve environmental quality, but there are some constraints on stable operation of the parks, take weak business association between enterprises, low resources and energy output rate and unstable ecological industry chains and etc. In this paper, based on the the systemic consultion on domestic and abroad eco-industrial park development, planning design method, indicator systems, stability and stabilization mechanisms of the EIPs reviewed mainly, and the key bottlenecks influencing on stable operation and sustainable development identified. Taking Yantai EIP and RizhaoEIP and the Kalundborg EIP as examples, from the points of control of the project access, regulation of the running and comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness, series index system of SIEIPs have been studied and established, and the influence of the structure change on running stability and mechanisms have been discussed and analyzed. These study fruits are valuable in theory and practic to promoting operational efficiency and sustainable development.(1) Directed at the SIEIP characteristics, a comprehensive approach inculding the principles, framework design, index selection, weight allocation for establishing indicator system has been put forword. Indicator screening was to remove ill-suited ones and reduce the redundancy. On the basis of the comparative study among fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, extension evaluation and evaluation model based on grey relevancy, a evaluation method by extenics for the SIEIP has been built which has the advantage of precise evaluation on development level of the park(2) Directed at the lack of indicators for access control project duiring the development of the SIEIP, targeted at establishing access index to guarantee operating efficiency and stability, a indicator system for access control of sector-integrate eco-industrial parks is constructed taking the factors into consideration inculding industry relevance, carrying capacity, environmental performance improvement of park, ecological design, economic benefit, resource utilization and pollution intensity of enterprise. The indicator system contains three levels and twenty- seven indexes. Compared with previous studies, this indicator system emphasizes carrying capacity of park and ecological design of enterprise to reasonablly access control at the enterprises. A method for enterprise access control into SIEIPs is put forword applying extension assess combined with a case. In this study, critical access index is proposed. An enterprise can be admitted into a SIEIP when its access index is greater than critical access index.(3) Considered the factors of economy, resources, environment and society and the interactions of the four subsystems, a indicator system for system optimization regulation of SIEIPs is proposed which contains four levels and thirty indexes. Furthermore a system dynamics model and a model of coordination and development degree of SIEIPs are also studied to to determine optimal regulation scheme and analyze regulation effect. The model was used in Yantai EIP and the results show that coordinated development level at medium period can be improved at level of general coordination from the level of mild disorder in current situation, and medium coordination level can be achieved at future. This indicats that optimization regulation scheme has an important directive function in guiding in enhancing the coordinated development levelof the system.(4) Considered the five factors of economic efficiency, resources utilization efficiency, pollution reduction, eco-industrial characteristics and managerial effectiveness, targeted at increasing system efficiency and resource productivity, an indicator system for overall evaluation of sector-integrate eco-industrial parks is constructed. Based on characteristics of eco-industrial parks, a three-step evaluation standard system is proposed, which realizes compare evaluation at time scale and space scale. The results in Yantai EIP in 2007 and 2009 show that the eigenvalues of system efficiency are 3.0073 and 2.1218, which indicats the system efficiency has been improved significantly from 2007 to 2009. The result in Rizhao EIP in 2008 show that the eigenvalues of system efficiency was 2.4929. The two parks were evaluated second-rate EIP, but the difference between them could be distinguished by the eigenvalues of system efficiency. This illustrates that the constructed model has good distinguishability at differentiating park development level.(5) From the perspective of the material flow, energy flow, value flow, meaning and level of stability of SIEIPs are analyzed and definition of stability of SIEIPs is proposed. The stability of SIEIP is a capability of keeping material flow, energy flow and value flow smooth and their characteristic quantitites are in small fluctuation or maintain at a certain level in a short time in the presence of disturbance conditions. Then based on complex system theory and the internal stability of the system in dependence on the system structure, the relationship between system structure and stability is studied by calculating structure-entropy (SE) and order degree of coupling time-effect with quality of an organization structure (ODTEQ). As a case of Kalundborg EIP, the results show that the two parameter of SE and ODTEQ present characteristics of wave, namely SE manifests entropy effect and ODTEQ manifests decrescence in the general trend, such as SE increase from the first early stage 2.1996 to later period 3.5720, with a corresponding degree of order by the effective mass 0.9541 down to 0.8404. This reflects that system stability first decreases and then steps up to a new stationarity, futhermore system stability does not always reduce with increasing complexity. Finally, at microscopic, meso-level macroscopy view, the factors affecting the system stability and mechanisms are analyzed.The results show that the stability of industrial symbiosis depends on the stability of the industry chain, so the key of stable system operation is the fine stability of enterprises links. |
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