Study On Environment Impact And Landscape Change Of The Open-bit Coal Mining Area Along Gulian River

The study area is the mining area along Gulian River in Mohe county of Heilongjiang Province and the study conducted the spectral analysis of TM images available. Through qualitative analysis and quantitative comparison, the author finally choose band 4, band 5 and band 3 as the primary colors of red, green, blue color to achieve the band combination. C correction model is used to apply the topographic correction of TM images and the shadows are removed efficiently, also supervised classification and post-processing is carried out. The author conducted the analysis of landscape pattern change under different levels of according to the classification, in the mean time, come to the conclusion below of the environment impact of open-bit coal mine exploration on the basis of investigation of the research area.Less environmental impact of air pollution is caused. Construction waste and household garbage generated in construction period, together with the stripped soil and rock, the loss of coal, and solid waste from operating field stacked in the erosion of wind and rain in a long term may cause a certain extent of pollution of air and surface water. A large number of ground construction and surface disturbance may damage the terrain and landform, change the structure of soil, reduce the vegetation coverage and interfere the distribution of flora and fauna, also influence forest ecosystem and wetland ecosystem. The landscape of the open-bit coal mine along Gulian River and its surrounding presents a developing trend of "four increase four reductions". The overall landscape presents a distributing structure of "the middle is big, both sides are small" towards "the middle is big, while one size decreases and the other increases". The landscape pattern of construction land and water changed most dramatically. With the decrease of the patch number and patch density the former, all landscape index rises significantly except the fall of IJI and SPLIT. Many index of bushland and grassland changes in accordance except IJI, COHESION and SPLIT. LPI and SPLIT of wetland change dramatically. The index of the three arbors change consistently with AWMSI, AWMPFD, IJI, COHESION, AI arising and SPLIT fall. The driving forces of landscape change in the open-bit coal mining area along Gulian River include natural causes, resourse exploitation, economic development and population migration. Compared with human and social factors, natural factor affect much slower and slighter, but resourse exploitation, economic and population development may exert active and negative influence on the pattern of land use and landscape respectively. Dust-proof and dust-control devices should be adopted in the process of resource exploitation to reduce the dust pollution; sediment basin for waste water collection and sedimentation; while stacking the coal gangue and the stripped rock and soil in different layers in order to control the spontaneous combustion. During the ecological construction, a series of actions including humus soil protection measure, the reconstruction of arable land and basic farmland, the planting project of operating field and ecological protection measures for transport systems ought to be implemented to realize the function of preservation, afforestation and beautification.