Records Of Water Environment In The Lower Reaches Of Ganjiang River Basin During The Qing Dynasty Based On The Longevity Palace

Flood disasters are one of the most serious natural disasters in the world today.In the world,there are many different degrees of flood disasters every year,especially in the Yangtze River Basin.During the Qing Dynasty,most of the water environment records were carried out in the Qing Dynasty by means of historical records.How to simulate the spatial structure of flood and drought disasters in Qing Dynasty and analyze the flood height of flood disasters in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River is a major problem in environmental planning and design and environmental science and engineering.The lower reaches of Ganjiang River are a typical catchment basin in China,which is an important water and land transportation lifeline for Poyang Lake to enter the Yangtze River Basin.It is of great significance to study the water environment in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River during the Qing Dynasty and to restore the water system,lake and Flood Elevation in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River during the Qing Dynasty.However,in the study of water environment in the Qing Dynasty,most of them are recorded in the historical documents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.This article takes Longevity Palace as a research point.By analyzing the cultural functions and environmental functions of Longevity Palace,this paper analyzes the typical cases of"Xu Zhenjun",and the development process of Longevity Palace.According to the 3S spatial analysis method,this paper quantitatively analyzes the environmental functions of Longevity Palace site,such as elevation,slope,river network density and so on.According to the existing site of Longevity Palace,the spatial distribution rule of Longevity Palace was identified,and the characteristics of Longevity Palace facing water were obtained.Based on historical climate data,the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of water environment records of the Longevity Palace site during the Qing Dynasty were systematically analyzed by means of comprehensive statistical analysis,spatial analysis and model simulation.The simulation of flood and waterlogging disaster with Longevity Palace as the arrival point of flood height is identified,and the application of water god temple as an ancient hydrological station in water environmental records is discussed.This article identifies the simulation of flood and waterlogging disaster based on Longevity Palace as the point of flood elevation,and discusses the application of Water Temple in ancient water station.And put forward the research methods of water environment records during the Qing Dynasty,providing theoretical and technical support for the study of the Qing Dynasty climate and the water environment records of the Qing Dynasty.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Through combing the cultural function of Longevity Palace,we draw the conclusion that Longevity Palace is a water temple.From the perspective of Longevity Palace culture,this paper analyzes Xu Zhenjun's deeds as a figure in flood control of"Eliminate floods for the people,Shock the dragon and slash the snake”.This paper analyzes Xu Zhenjun's life story of flood control and the origin,history,function and culture of Longevity Palace.Taking Xu Zhenjun as"the God of water for the people"gradually changed into"the blessing of Jiangxi".It also analyzes the Taoist thought represented by Xu Zhenjun,the natural view that man and nature live in harmony.According to the basic data of the Longevity Palace site obtained through field investigation,as a water temple,most of the Longevity Palace sites are built in the flood control areas and flood prone areas,and its spatial distribution has the characteristics of"near water".The Longevity Palace site is mainly distributed in the downstream of Ganjiang River.Three conclusions are drawn from the analysis of the environmental function of the Longevity Palace:First,the Water Temple of the Longevity Palace is the beacon of ancient water and land transportation.Second,for the role of cultural landscape,Longevity Palace is a representative temple building of the Water Temple.Third,as a hydrological station,Longevity Palace has the function of marking ancient flood disasters.(2)Through field investigation,basic data such as topography,landform,elevation,slope and river network density built by the Longevity Palace Water Temple were obtained.After analyzing the environmental functions of the 27 Longevity Palace sites,it is concluded that most of the Longevity Palace sites are located in low-altitude alluvial plains.The elevation of the Longevity Palace site is mostly distributed between 20-30m.Most of the slopes of the Longevity Palace site are within 15°suitable for human production and life.Based on the calculation of river network density,the Longevity Palace ruins are mostly distributed in the interval of 4-30 km/km~2.(3)Using the K(?)ppen climate classification method,it is concluded from the spatial analysis that the lower reaches of the Ganjiang River are in a Cfa warm zone with a normally humid and warm climate.Based on historical climate data,the integrated use of statistical analysis,using the results of the linear regression equation shows:climatic characteristics of each region of the Ganjiang River downstream river basin R~2 is 0.7182,represent all regions of the Gan River downstream river basin explanatory variables floods and droughts have higher credibility.The lower reaches of the Ganjiang River are all in the Cfa warm zone with a humid and warm climate.Floods and droughts in various regions during the Qing Dynasty had a higher impact on nearby areas.(4)The data of flood and drought disasters in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River were collected by historical data statistics method,the moving average method and flood disaster grade method were used.The results show that:from 1644 to 1704,from the early Qing Dynasty to the early Kangxi period,flood and drought disasters were more frequent,mainly drought,which was the most intensive period in Qing Dynasty.The second period is from 1704 to 1824,from the 43rd year of Kangxi to the 4th year of Daoguang,about120 years.In this period,the cities in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River are prone to floods and droughts,and the frequency of floods is higher than that of droughts.The third period is from 1824 to 1911,from the fourth year of Daoguang to the third year of Xuantong,about 84 years.During this period,the flood and drought disasters occurred frequently in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River,and the frequency of flood disasters was obviously higher than that of drought disasters.(5)Based on the quantitative data of historical data,using wavelet analysis,the results show that:the results of wavelet analysis of flood and drought disasters in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River show that the periods of flood and drought disasters in 0-50years are 2.82a and 4.75a.The periods of flood and drought disasters in 50-100 years are2.82a and 4.75a.The periods of flood and drought disasters in 100-150 years are 4a and4.475 a.The period of flood and drought disaster in 150-200 years is 4.75a and 8a.The period of flood and drought disasters in 200-250 years is 4.75a and 8a.Therefore,the period of flood disaster in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River in 250 years is 2a-8a.The period of El Nino is 2-7 years.The periodicity of floods in the Qing Dynasty and the periodicity of El Ni?o are roughly the same.(6)Through power spectrum analysis based on the quantitative data of historical data during the Qing Dynasty,the research results show that the periodicity of floods and droughts in Xingan County during the Qing Dynasty was 8.40a,2.50a,4.13a,3.58a,and3.03a.During the Qing Dynasty,the periodicity of floods and droughts in Nanchang City was 8.33a,5.09a,and 4.14a.During the Qing Dynasty,the periodicity of flood and drought disasters in Nanchang County was 8.13a,2.49a,5.06a,4.02a,3.95a,and 3.68a.During the Qing Dynasty,the periodic floods and droughts in Wanli District was 2.50a,5.03a,and 4.17a.During the Qing Dynasty,the periodicity of floods and droughts in newly-built counties was 8.13a,3.09a,and 4.14a.During the Qing Dynasty,the periodicity of floods and droughts in Anyi County was 2.50a,4.17a,and 2.82a.During the Qing Dynasty,the periodic flood and drought disasters in Jinxian County was 8.33a,5.03a,2.50a,and 3.64a.During the Qing Dynasty,the periodicity of flood and drought disasters in Zhangshu City was 8.33a,5.03a,4.26a,4.15a,3.68a,2.70a,2.54a,and 2.27a.During the Qing Dynasty,the periodicity of flood and drought disasters in Fengcheng City was 5.08a,4.55a,4.41a,4.26a,and 2.68a.During the Qing Dynasty,the periodic floods and droughts in Yongxiu County was 8.55a,7.14a,5.10a,4.41a,4.20a,3.97a,3.45a,and 2.25a.That is to say,the periodic flood disasters in the lower reaches of the Ganjiang River are roughly similar to the periodicity of the El Ni?o phenomenon 2a-7a.(7)The empirical analysis of the climate change in the Qing Dynasty on the Longevity Palace site shows that the climate environment changes during the Qing Dynasty had a significant impact on the Longevity Palace site.Since there was no hydrological station to record hydrological history in ancient times,the height of the water temple of the Longevity Palace was used as the elevation of the hydrological station,and Arc Gis space intelligent calculation was calculated.Under different rainfall conditions,passive analysis was performed and 18 flood disasters were calculated.The simulation results show that the flood impact of the study area under 18 scenarios is simulated.Under different scenarios,the scope of the inundation area of the Longevity Palace site and the number of affected sites,the affected area and the spatial distribution are obtained.Based on the scenario of the lowest water level in Wucheng Longevity Palace,the elevation of the Yellow Sea is 1m,the inundation area is 184197 hm~2,accounting for 6.45%of the total area of the study area.Based on the spatial simulation of the Qiantang Longevity Palace with an elevation of 78 meters in the Yellow Sea,it is concluded that the area of the inundated area is 2231949 hm~2 accounting for 78.17%of the total area of the study area.And through the use of Arc Scene software,a simulation analysis of the evolution of water inundation is carried out.(8)Using Arc GIS spatial analysis method to restore the lower reaches of the Ganjiang River in the Qing Dynasty.By organizing ancient maps,using projection transformation for spatial positioning,and assigning points with the same name to modern coordinates,the spatial map is corrected.Based on the WGS84 geographic coordinate system,the map of Jiangxi Province in the Qing Dynasty in 1820 was superimposed,and the lake system of the Ganjiang River Basin was proposed by vectorization.Through the GIS spatial analysis method,it is concluded that the area of Poyang Lake is now shrinking,as well as the research results of the river evolution at the bend of the lower reaches of the Ganjiang River.In summary,based on the original flood disasters and modern rainfall fitting research methods,this article further proposes a new research theory based on space,using the Longevity Palace Water Temple as the landmark station of the ancient hydrological station to record the water environment.Mechanism innovation.The research method is a new type of research theoretical mechanism innovation.