Studies On Deeply Bound Fermi Systems And Isotopic Nano Water

After numerous experimental and theoretical studies,the nuclear equation of state near or beneath the saturation density is constrained well.However,neither the heavy-ion collisions,nor the celestial observations can give a satisfied constraint on the high-density equation of state.The high-density equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter has a relative uncertainty of 50%,and the uncertainty of the high-density symmetry energy is even greater.To shed some light on constraining the equation of state of nuclear matter,this thesis presents the studies on the exotic structural properties of Kaonic nuclei and its correlations with nuclear equation of state.As K~-N interaction is strongly attractive,K~-meson within finite unclei is possible to form deeply bound fermi-size systems,ie.Kaonic nuclei.A typical property of Kaonic nuclei is that they possess a very dense core which could reach two times the saturation density.This property offers a premise for using Kaonic nuclei to constrain the high-density equation of state.Besides the dense core,Kaonic nuclei also have other exotic properties like diffusive halo phenomenon on the surface which is a consequence of the outward shifting of the outmost energy level under the shape change of the nucleon potential.Due to the special nucleon potential,it is found that the structure of the energy levels in Kaonic nuclei is largely different from normal nuclei.Dif-ferent magic numbers,level inversion phenomenon and the breaking of pseudospin symmetry may arise in Kaonic nuclei.Thereafter,the correlations between the halo phenomenon,level inversion in Kaonic nuclei and the nuclear equation of state are investigated.It is found that the neutron halo in Kaonic nuclei will become more obvious when the high-density equation of state becomes stiffer or the incompressibility becomes smaller.Meanwhile,the level inversion in Kaonic nuclei has a potential to serve as an indicator of the incompressibility and stiffness of the equation of state as there exits a critical boundary in the incompressibility-stiffness plane according to the occurrence of the level inversion phenomenon.This critical boundary could place different equation of state into level inversion region or no level inversion region.These results based on structural information of Kaonic nuclei illustrate that Kaonic nuclei can serve as a new indicator to constrain the nuclear equation of state.This thesis dedicates to the fundamental researches under extreme condition(high density)on one hand,and to the extended potential applications of these foundations on the other hand.The nuclear effect on condensed matter size is studied.Specifically,the author studied the application of the rotational modes of water molecule on the separation of hydrogen isotopes.This is a new approach using the resonance in molecular size(in the magnitude of nanometer)to separate the isotopes that is of fermi size.Based on the molecular dynamics simulations,it is found that there exits a particular absorption spectrum of water in the irradiation of the ter-ahertz electric field.The absorption spectrum corresponds to the excited rotational modes of water molecule.The frequencies of these resonant modes are related to the different moment of inertia.Though the mass difference between water molecule and heavy water molecule is relatively small,the difference will be magnified in its moment of inertia,resulting in an observ-able difference in the resonant frequency of the rotational modes.Consequently,the resonant frequency in heavy water is smaller than that in light water.This property can be affirmed in the study of the heating of the mixed light and heavy water in the terahertz irradiation.It is found that the absorption spectrum of heavy water shifts to the lower frequency side.This d-ifference in the resonant frequency can be used to separate light water from heavy water.The study on the evaporation of hybrid light water and heavy water on a two dimensional surface under the irradiation of terahertz electric field reveals that the evaporating speed of light water and heavy water is largely different.Thus,the light water and heavy water can be separated properly.These results demonstrate that the rotational mode provides a new approach to sep-arate isotopes.The slower resonant evaporation of heavy water shows that it can play a more important role in radiation protection as a moderator and coolant in the atomic fission in nuclear engineering.