Quarkonium Production In The Forward Physics

The installation of the forward detector provides a platform to study forward physics.Topics in forward physics include low-x and low-angle dynamics,diffraction,high energy photoninduced interactions,rapidity gap survival dynamics,central exclusive production mechanism,multi-parton interactions,forward energy flow,cosmic ray physics,luminosity determination,etc.The investigation of forward physics is carried out by the use of forward hadron tagging,rapidity gap,and low-angle techniques which can provide a clean object production channel.The charmonium production in combination with these techniques presents favorable channels to probe the forward physics and some other physics effects.The central and forward regions of the detectors are considered to make predictions of hadroproduction and photo-induced production of charmonium states which are simulated in the in-house Monte Carlo.Due to the clean channel and good background control of the charmonium production,the diffraction and the Sivers effect are investigated in which our results show that the experimental study of Reggeon.Pomeron.and Reggeon-Pomeron exchanges can be performed in certain kinematic windows with a particular choice of the collision mode and forward detector acceptance at the LHC.The results indicate that the examination can be valuable to favorably constrain the Reggeon and Pomeron parton content.The sizable transverse single spin asymmetries are also obtained through charmonium production in the forward region which are therefore important to access to the three-dimensional internal structure of hadron.The dissertation is organized as follows:In chapter 1,we briefly present the introductory and detailed notions about the quarkonium physics and the forward physics.In chapter 2,we give the fundamental knowledge on the standard model theory.The three related distinct matrix elements of the scattering will be also expressed to find the partonic and total cross sections in terms of kinematic and dynamic information of the given process.Besides,the collider detectors and the accelerators are broadly described in function of the colliding particles and trajectories.In chapter 3,we describe the forward physics,the forward hadron tagging,and the forward detector in conjunction of the main central detector so as to understand the quarkonium physics,diffractive physics,and transverse spin physics in the forward region.In chapter 4.we provide the explanatory description of the quarkonium states via the quark potential model and the spectroscopy.The production and the event rate of the quarkonium states via different models are also provided.In chapter 5,we evaluate the J/ψ photoproduction using the nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics formal i sm with hadron tagging in proton-proton,proton-nucleus,and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the large hadron collider(LHC).We estimate the total cross sections and event rates with and without nuclear shadowing effects.It has been found that the J/ψ photoproduction depends on the choice of forward detector acceptances ζ.The total cross sections and the event rates will be smaller if the nuclear shadowing effects are considered,The processes give a crucial photoproduction signature at the LHC with forward detector acceptances and will be useful for studying the mechanism of the heavy quarkonium production.In chapter 6,we investigate the hard diffractive ηc hadroproduction with hadron tagging at the LHC in proton-proton,proton-nucleus,and nucleus-nucleus collision modes.It has been shown that the experimental study of Reggeon,Pomeron.and their cross exchange can be carried out in certain kinematic windows with a specific choice of the mode at the LHC.The investigation can be useful to better constrain the Reggeon and Pomeron parton content.In chapter 7,we probe the Sivers asymmetries through J/ψ photoproduction in p↑p collision within the nonrelativistic QCD framework(NRQCD),based on the color-octet model(COM)and the transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions(TMDs).Both the DGLAP evolution and TMD evolution are included.The intensity and sign of the Sivers asymmetry are strongly dependent upon the evolution model used to investigate the gluon Sivers function(GSF).The sizable asymmetries are obtained as a function of the rapidity,log(xγ)or log(xg)using the recent parametrization of the GSF at the RHIC and AFTER@LHC experiments with the planned LHC forward detector acceptances.Finally in chapter 8,we end in giving the conclusion and the future work of the dissertation.