| BackgroundsBank employees facing a critical situation of occupational stress,highest working hour and job burnout that leads to severe medical pathos including hyperlipidemia,hypertension,diabetes,and further more absurd life style including smoking and liquor,hot shots.It is acknowledge by World Health Organization(WHO)that Cardiovascular Disease(CVD)is fatal plague injurious to the professionals especially our banker that belongs to a developing countries such as Pakistan where they are facing a variety of lethal issues.Compared to the global incidence of cardiac issues,the ratio in Pakistan is increasing day by day and it might be due to,abnormal health policies or their inconsistence.It’s revealed that job stress,job burnout and psychological capital are deeply interconnected that destroying the health of heart.Developed countries like France,Australia,Canada and Japan adopted certain measures to deprecate the cardiac diseases among professional especially of bankers.So it’s an urgent need and alarming for federal as well as provincial government to takes certain measures to resolve the heart health issue,Banker community being committed to their job,don’t let their life to nature leading to social isolation along with psychosomatic issues.Banker community have to work out in hustle and bustle at same time at different corridor for example accounts manage,settle out profit loss standard,interest free banking,Islamic banking,saving scheme,Leasing vehicle,financing for housing true speaking the banker are really true manager with great mind but unfortunately they could not spare time to care themselves.Ultimately these machine men have to face heart issues of various nature.Most of them are hospitalized or visit to respective cardiologist.Psychological capital highly valued to handle any heart health hazard,banker with high psychological capital capable to perform their deadly busy working hour efficiently.So there is a great different ratio of cardiac ailments regarding the psychological capital.Now a days banker cardiac health advances became the hard issue because these lead to a number of psychiatric disorders in dispose to damage the professional efficiency.Ultimately banker have to seek the hospitalization for advancement treatment.The study revealed the level of the desired variables including occupational stress,job stress,job burnout,and psychological capital generally higher among the banker of private sector compared to public sector employs due to stern working hour with such life style away to nature.AimsThe current study aims to examine following research questions:1):To estimate the prevalence of psychological problems causing risk factors of heart disease among bank employees in Pakistan.2):To explore the mediating role of psychological capital in relationship between occupation stress and job burnout among bankers having or without cardiac disease.MethodsThis study takes the data from cross sectional survey conducted from March to April 2018 in Punjab Province(population:110 million).Banks were randomly selected in different cities of the Punjab(North Punjab,Central Punjab,and South Punjab).The public banks were selected from the five major cities of Punjab.The self-management questionnaire including scales of occupational stress,job buurnout and psychological capital was distributed directly to 2000 employees and completed responses obtained from 1778 individuals,including 903(50.78%)male and 875(49.21%)female after obtaining their written informed consent and the respondent’s willingness to participate where bankers having cardiac disease are 532.Demographic factors included age,gender,qualifications,bank type,salary,job rank,and working hours.Educational qualifications were classed as "graduate" or "higher." The monthly salary was classed as ≤40000 PKR or>40000 PKR.An employee’s job rank was categorized as "high official" or "low official"based on answers to questions."Are you a high official bank employee or a regular bank employee?" The weekly working hours were divided into<45 hours and>45 hours,based on the current standard system of working 9 hours per day.ResultsOur results indicated that Psychological Capital occupational stress and job burnout are strongly correlated among each other in all three groups of bankers associated with cardiac disease,bankers without cardiac disease,and overall group sample.The bankers associated with cardiac disease psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between occupational stress(extrinsic effort,reward and over commitment)and emotional exhaustion similarly psychological capital fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and depersonalization.Furthermore psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between reward and personal accomplish while fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and personal accomplish.For male bank employees having cardiac disease psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort and over commitment" and emotional exhaustion while fully mediate the relationship between reward and emotional exhaustion also for female bank employees psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort and reward" and emotional exhaustion while fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and emotional exhaustion.Psychological capital partially mediates the relationship between "extrinsic and reward" and depersonalization,however it mediates the relationship between over commitment and depersonalization among male bank employees associated with cardiac disease.In contrast,the female bank employees having cardiac disease psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between reward and depersonalization while fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and depersonalization.We also observed that psychological capital partially mediates the relationship between "extrinsic effort and reward" and personal accomplish while fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and personal accomplish among male bank employees and for female employees partially mediate the relationship between reward and personal accomplish while fully mediate between over commitment and personal accomplish.Similarly,the levels of extrinsic effort,over-commitment,and emotional exhaustion were significantly higher in the employees having cardiac disease of private sector banks whereas the levels of psychological capital,depersonalization,and personal accomplishment were the statistically significant higher in employees of public sector banks in this research.Our data also indicated that the level of reward was not statistically significant differ between employees of the public sector and private sector of banking.The levels of extrinsic effort and over-commitment were significantly higher in the employees of having qualification level undergraduate whereas the levels of psychological capital and personal accomplishment were the statistically significant higher in employees having postgraduate.Furthermore the level of reward,emotional exhaustion,and depersonalization were not statistically significant differ between employees having undergraduate and post graduate qualification.The levels of extrinsic effort,over-commitment,and emotional exhaustion were significantly higher in the employees who got ""≤40000 PKR"whereas the levels of psychological capital and personal accomplishment were the statistically significant higher in employees got ">40000 PKR"salary in this research.Furthermore the level of reward,and depersonalization was not statistically significant differ between employees having cardiac disease whose salary "≤40000 PKR" and ">40000 PKR".Furthermore the levels of extrinsic effort,over-commitment,psychological capital,emotional exhaustion and personal accomplish among different age groups of the bank employees having cardiac disease while there is no significant differences found between the levels of reward and depersonalization.In bankers without cardiac disease psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between occupational stress(extrinsic effort,reward and over commitment)and emotional exhaustion similarly psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between extrinsic effort and depersonalization while fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and depersonalization,furthermore psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between"reward and over commitment" and personal accomplish.For male bank employees without cardiac disease psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort,reward,and over commitment" and emotional exhaustion also for female bank employees psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort and reward" and emotional exhaustion while fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and emotional exhaustion.Psychological capital also fully mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort and over commitment" and depersonalization among male bank employees without cardiac disease also for female bank employees without cardiac disease psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between extrinsic effort and depersonalization while fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and depersonalization.It has also found that psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort,reward and over commitment"and personal accomplish among male bank employees and for female employees partially mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort and reward" and personal accomplish while fully mediate between over commitment and personal accomplish./Similarly,the levels of extrinsic effort,over-commitment,emotional exhaustion,and depersonalization were significantly higher in the employees of private sector banks whereas the levels of reward,psychological capital,and personal accomplishment were the statistically significant higher in employees of public sector banks in this research.Also,the levels of extrinsic effort,over-commitment,and emotional exhaustion were significantly higher in the employees of having qualification level undergraduate whereas the levels of reward,psychological capital and personal accomplishment were the statistically significant higher in employees having postgraduate as their qualification level in this research.While the level of depersonalization was not statistically significant differ between employees having undergraduate and post graduate qualification.Furthermore the level of reward,emotional exhaustion,and depersonalization was not statistically significant differ between employees having undergraduate and post graduate qualification.The levels of extrinsic effort,emotional exhaustion,and depersonalization were significantly higher in the employees who got ""≤40000" whereas the levels of reward,and personal accomplishment were the statistically significant higher in employees got ">40000PKR"salary in this research.Furthermore the level of over-commitment,psychological capital,and depersonalization was not statistically significant differ between employees having cardiac disease whose salary "≤40000 PKR" and ">40000 PKR" for employees without cardiac disease.In addition the levels of extrinsic effort,reward,over-commitment,psychological capital,emotional exhaustion and personal accomplish were significantly different among different age groups of the bank employees without cardiac disease,and also no significant difference found between the level of depersonalization among different age groups.In overall bankers psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between occupational stress(extrinsic effort,reward and over commitment)and emotional exhaustion similarly psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort and reward" and depersonalization while fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and depersonalization,furthermore psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between"extrinsic effort,reward,and over commitment" and personal accomplish.For male bank employees psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort,reward,and over commitment" and emotional exhaustion also for female bank employees psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort and reward" and emotional exhaustion while fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and emotional exhaustion.Psychological capital also fully mediate the relationship between extrinsic effort and depersonalization while fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and depersonalization among male bank employees also for female bank employees psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between extrinsic effort and depersonalization while fully mediate the relationship between over commitment and depersonalization.It has also found that psychological capital partially mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort,reward and over commitment" and personal accomplish among male bank employees and for female employees partially mediate the relationship between "extrinsic effort and reward" and personal accomplish while fully mediate between over commitment and personal accomplish.Similarly,the levels of extrinsic effort,over-commitment,and emotional exhaustion were significantly higher in the employees of private sector banks whereas the levels of reward,psychological capital,and personal accomplishment were the statistically significant higher in employees of public sector banks in this research also the level of depersonalization was not statistically significant differ between employees having of public and private sectors.The levels of extrinsic effort,over-commitment,emotional exhaustion,and depersonalization were significantly higher in the employees of having qualification level undergraduate whereas the levels of reward,psychological capital and personal accomplishment were the statistically significant higher in employees having postgraduate as their qualification level in this research.Furthermore the level of depersonalization was not statistically significant differ between employees having qualification level undergraduate and post-graduate.Also the levels of extrinsic effort,over-commitment,and emotional exhaustion were significantly higher in the employees who got ""≤ 40000 PKR" whereas the levels of psychological capital and personal accomplishment were the statistically significant higher in employees got ">40000 PKR" salary in this research.Furthermore the level of depersonalization was not statistically significant differ between employees having salary "40000 PKR" and ">40000 PKR".Furthermore,there is significant difference between the levels of extrinsic effort,reward,over-commitment,psychological capital,emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,and personal accomplish among different age groups of the bank employees having cardiac disease.Among overall bank employees the level of over-commitment was significantly higher in the employees without cardiac disease.But the levels of extrinsic effort,reward,psychological capital,emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,and personal accomplishment were not statistically differ between bank employees associated with cardiac disease and without cardiac disease.ConclusionsThe banking sector in Pakistan making a large contribution to its economy,but rising job burnout due to occupational stress may be a barrier to economy growth.Bankers with their inactive ways of life,better financial condition and exceedingly upsetting work are subjects to the chance of coronary heart disease.The time has come for us to re-evaluate our approaches to resolve such type of issues.Extrinsic effort and over-commitment results in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization with a negative impact on psychological capital and personal accomplishment.However,the reward results in a decrease in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and has positive impact on psychological capital and personal accomplishment.Both public and private bank employees exhibit different dimensions of occupational stress,including extrinsic effort,reward,and over-commitment.Those effects can be reduced by improving the psychological capital which would also decrease the risk of burnout. |
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