| As a big mining county,China owns a lots of non-coal mines which produce numerous corresponding tailing ponds,and there are more than 7400 tailing ponds in China by 2018.The tailing ponds are important production facilities as well as the most serious danger sources as they character large scale,multi-danger sources and disastrous consequences to villages,factories and transportation facilities once instability,and with the continuous expansion of mining scale,the tailing pond safety become more prominent.Due to the influence of economic constraints,geographical position,scale of hazard and tailings pond structure,the traditional artificial field investigation is easy to form potential blind monitoring area,which obviously affects the efficiency and accuracy of field investigation,resulting in poor survey effect and difficult to find regional safety risk in tailing ponds effectively and timely.Therefore,it is of great significance for improving supervision ability of non-coal mine and mining safety to use advanced survey and monitoring measures to study multi-source heterogeneous data integration for exploring the realization of comprehensive,fast,efficient,accurate monitoring and reliable safety of severe geohazards in tailing ponds.This study,on the basis of detailed analysis of various frontier observation techniques,proposes a set of integrated data integration technology for safety monitoring and risk assessment of severe geohazards in non-coal mines by adopting the multi-geographic information such as high resolution remote sensing satellite,UAV,3D laser scanning,SAR and Beidou on-line monitoring.The Wanniangou tailing ponding is taken as example to obtain its key index parameters and 3D data by combining multi-observation techniques.According to the analysis of multi-period observation data,the comprehensive dynamic monitoring of major hazards in tailing ponds and surrounding areas is realized.On the basis of accurate three-dimensional spatial data,the safety and stability of tailings reservoir are analyzed by physical experiment and numerical simulation.Combining with the simulation and research of debris flow of tailing pond and the risk assessment model of tailings reservoir,the risk assessment of Wanniangou tailing pond is carried out,and the construction of the global supervision model of the hazard sources of tailings reservoir is discussed.The main results and conclusions are as follows:(1)Combined with advanced geographic information data acquisition technologies such as high resolution remote sensing,UAV,3D laser scanning,SAR and Beidou online monitoring,and the basic of the characteristics of various types of data and the objective situation of major hazard sources in non-coal mines and the idea of coordinated integration and optimization of multiple data sources,a set of "air-space-earth" integrated data for safety monitoring and comprehensive risk assessment of major hazard sources in non-coal mines is studied and constructed.(2)Taking Wanniangou Tailing pond,a typical representative of potential major hazards in non-coal mines,as an example,on the basis of in-depth understanding of engineering geological conditions of tailings reservoir,combined with high-resolution satellite remote sensing image,UAV and 3D laser scanning technology,the key parameters directly reflecting the safety and stability of tailings reservoir dam body(dam surface displacement,reservoir area,dry beach length,dry beach slope ratio,etc.)were monitored dynamically in an all-round way.The digital health records of tailings reservoir were established.The comparison results of relevant parameters in the design code of tailing pond facilities show that Wanniangou tailings reservoir is now in normal operation.(3)The environmental factors affecting the safety of Wanniangou tailings reservoir,such as the boundary of catchment area in the upstream of Wanniangou tailings reservoir,the boundary of final stacking area and the boundary of possible accident runoff area,jointly determine the dynamic monitoring range of the safety environment around the tailings reservoir.Combined with the multi-stage high resolution remote sensing images,an ELM-OB based object-oriented automatic change detection method(ELM-OB)is selected for mine and its surrounding areas.The environment around the tailing pond is investigated and dynamically monitored.The results show that the multi-temporal high-resolution remote sensing image change detection algorithm has good applicability to the dynamic monitoring of environmental safety production around the tailings reservoir,and better realizes the hidden danger detection and risk prevention of the surrounding area of the tailings reservoir.(4)The UAV aerial images were used to interpret the geological hazards in Wanniangou tailingpond and its surrounding areas.A total of 65 geological hazards including landslides,rockfalls and debris flows were interpreted.The landslide hazards which threatened the most in Wanniangou tailing pond area were dynamically monitored by multi-temporal remote sensing data.The results showed that one of them was the most serious landslide hazards in Wanniangou tailingpond area.Landslide is in the stage of slow creep deformation and the possibility of severe sliding is high.The Beidou navigation and positioning technology is used to strengthen the real-time monitoring in the later period.(5)The stability of tailings dam is evaluated and analyzed by physical experiment and numerical simulation.Based on the three-dimensional model of tailings reservoir generated by multi-source data fusion,the stress field distribution and displacement of tailings reservoir dam body under different stacking heights are analyzed by FLAC-3D,and then the stacking heights and deformation of dam body are analyzed.The relationship between them and the stability of the dam at different heights.The exact range of debris flow after the occurrence of debris flow in Wanniangou tailings pond,as well as the velocity and thickness of debris flow in this range are obtained by numerical simulation(FLO-2D)and analysis of debris flow in tailing pond.(6)Considering the potential factors that could affect the safety,stability of major hazards in non-coal mines and the actual situation of Wanniangou tailings reservoir,the comprehensive hazards of major hazards with mandatory steady-state index(K),basic supportability index(P)and high-risk dynamic index(D)as the core are established from the point of view of preventing serious and extraordinary accidents.The evaluation index system and evaluation model obtained the low risk evaluation results of Wanniangou tailings reservoir.The vulnerability analysis of the main risk bearing area of debris flow disaster,i.e.the downstream branch ditch of tailings reservoir and the grounding zone of Anning Rive,is carried out.Finally,the comprehensive risk distribution map of Wanniangou tailings reservoir is obtained based on the risk assessment results of tailings reservoir.(7)Based on the key technology achievements of dynamic monitoring and risk assessment of hazards in Wanniangou tailing pond,the study builds a global regulatory system of coal mine major hazards,which is implemented in dynamic supervision of major hazard installation as well as daily management of business information,network and routing. |
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