KNOWING IN SOCIAL CASEWORK: SOME EPISTEMOLOGICAL ISSUES

In this study the nature of knowing and of knowledge in social casework is investigated. The current tendency in social work to consider knowledge to be only that which is scientific is seen as reflective of an unexamined acceptance of the philosophy of positivism. In addition, a lack of integration between knowledge and values in social work is attributed to this philosophical perspective.; Social casework in its history and current situation is discussed as embedded in the culture of its times. The cultural characteristic most significant for casework is seen to be the growth of science and technology and the concomitant diminution of interest in the humanities, including philosophy and theology. The influence of positivism is intertwined with these cultural trends.; This study discusses the history of positivism and the reasons it can be seen to represent a narrow, restricted view of what it means to be human. It is submitted that the limiting effects of this philosophy in social work, particularly in academic social work, are for the most part not recognized. The emphasis upon proving effectiveness defined in positivist terms is seen as an example. An examination of assumptions and the questioning of that which is taken for granted in ordinary professional discourse is urged. It is suggested that these issues need the kind of perspective provided by the discipline of philosophy and that interdisciplinary efforts are required.; For this study emphasis is upon knowing persons. The work of Michael Polanyi is discussed with particular reference to the concept that all knowledge is personal knowledge in that it involves the participation of the person who knows. In addition, the importance of tacit knowledge as explicated by Polanyi is noted. The dissertation continues with an emphasis upon the way persons learn and come to know through the use of various languages--verbal, mathematical, and artistic, and stresses that languages are learned in a social context in which human beings are integrally, even primordially, related to each other. An understanding of human relationships and the nature of caring are therefore seen as vital to knowledge of persons and as illustrating that it is possible to know what is good and valuable. In addition, it is noted that self consciousness and awareness of limitation and death as well as mystery characterize human beings who seek meaning for their lives. Reference is made to relevant concepts in the thought of Martin Buber, Gabriel Marcel, and others.; No attempt is made to provide definitive answers to the problems raised. There is rather an attempt to call attention to the pervasive influence of positivism and its effects, actual and potential, on the teaching and practice of social casework. The emphasis is upon what has been left out of consideration by this philosophy. Possible directions and resources for exploration are suggested for the development of a philosophy more adequate for the human and humane activities which constitute social casework.