THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT, ACADEMIC LEARNING TIME IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION (ALT-PE), AND SELECTED STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS IN TWO UNIVERSITY TAEKWONDO CLASSES

There is a paucity of research regarding the relationship between ALT-PE and student achievement at the college level. Most of the research on ALT-PE has used ALT-PE as product (outcome), without examining whether or not student learning time in physical education is a reliable and valid measure of actual achievement. In addition, ALT-PE researchers have neglected, to date, to examine if student characteristics have an effect on the pattern of ALT-PE. Most ALT-PE studies have been distributed over elementary and secondary physical education, and have been conducted in regular physical education classes. No study of taekwondo has been conducted.;The students enrolled in two taekwondo classes at a university served as subjects. Information on demography and previous experience with taekwondo was collected using a questionnaire. Attitude was measured by an attitude scale adapted from Oliver (1979). The students were pretested prior to instruction, and posttested immediately after the period of instruction using a self-developed evaluation system. Eight lessons over a period of two weeks were videotaped. The videotapes were coded, using the interval recording method of the revised ALT-PE system (Siedentop et al., 1982). For data analysis, multiple regression, Tukey studentized t test, and Fisher Z coefficient were utilized.;Results showed that there were significant relationships between ALT-PE categories and student achievement. The categories related to non-motor activities had significant, negative relationships with student skill achievement, while the categories concerned with motor activities had significant, positive relationships with student skill achievement. This indicates that student skill achievement was negatively related to student time spent engaged in non-motor activities, and positively associated with student time spent engaged in motor activities. There were significant differences in the relationship and patterns of in-class behavior between levels of student characteristics. This indicates that student characteristics had a powerful mediating effect on the pattern of student in-class behavior in terms of engagement time, and on the relationship between taekwondo skill achievement and student learning time in physical education.;The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ALT-PE and college student skill achievement in taekwondo, and to examine this relationship for students of different gender, with different entering skill levels, and with different attitude toward taekwondo.