Physiologic and hematologic responses resulting from high-intensity training among elite female middle- and long distance runners

The problem addressed in this study is whether physiologic, hematologic, and performance parameters obtained during and after a long term program of anaerobic and aerobic exercise can be used as markers of chronic fatigue. Two groups, one elite (N = 7), consisting of top 10 ranking female middle- and long-distance runners in the United States who used anaerobic training during the competitive season and a control group (N = 7) of good runners who did not use anaerobic training, were examined. The elite group was tested after base training, which consisted primarily of aerobic exercise and after the competitive season, during which anaerobic training was emphasized.;There was no change in VO;The data suggest there is greater stress during the early season. In addition, the use of extensive anaerobic training and, or, a reduction in base training, may interfere with aerobic conditioning and result in a drop-off in performance. Chronic fatigue may result from inadequate nutrition due to insufficient caloric intake, which may lead to iron and glycogen depletion. Chronic fatigue may also result from overtraining and chronic high anxiety levels. The use of the cortisol-to-testosterone ratio to determine training status seems warranted if baseline values have been established. Physiologic and hematologic markers may be useful in predicting chronic fatigue when used with interviews and examination of the athlete's training diary.