| The learning management system (LMS) is becoming the most popular technology chosen for higher education. Current studies mostly focused on LMS selection, implementation, and student/faculty perceptions. With regard to this situation, this in-depth research investigated methods to improve teaching and learning in online classes that are delivered through Blackboard. One of the instructional design models, the ADDIE model, was used to redesign part of the chosen online course for the treatment group. Quantitative methods were used for this study. The results showed the ADDIE model had a positive influence on learning outcomes. This study also tested student perceptions of usefulness and ease of use of Blackboard, using an online survey that was designed based on the TAM model. It was found that student test scores correlated with perceptions of effectiveness on Blackboard features of Syllabus, Faculty Information, Communication, and Student Tool & Grades in the treatment group. This indicated that instructional design, communication, and collaboration played an important role in the classes that were delivered through Blackboard. In regard to student perceptions of usefulness of Blackboard features, the low rankings on Discussion Board indicated online discussion should be well-designed and needs the instructor's support. In addition, the study found student perceptions of usefulness correlated with perceptions of ease of use. This result is consistent with previous studies. Recommendations for practice and future research were made based on these results. First, online communication and collaboration should be well-designed and effectively supported by the instructor. Second, a qualitative research method is needed to have more insight on student academic achievement and perceptions of Blackboard. Third, both of the formative and summative evaluations are needed to get more meaningful suggestions for using LMSes. As to the student perception survey that was designed based on the TAM theory, extra recommendations were made: more specific questions about perception of the instructional design and perception of technical support that students received while taking the online class are needed to help with online teaching and learning and with future studies. |
