I. APPLICATIONS OF DOUBLE-EXPOSURE HOLOGRAPHY TO THE MEASUREMENT OF IN SITU STRESS AND THE ELASTIC MODULI OF ROCK FROM BOREHOLES. II. SHOCK TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN FUSED QUARTZ AND CRYSTALLINE SODIUM-CHLORIDE TO 35 GPA

Part I. Double exposure holography is applied to the measurement of in situ stress and the Young's modulus of rock from boreholes. Raw data are fringe patterns superimposed upon the holographic image of the borehole wall and dependent upon the direction and magnitude of stress-relief of normal point force induced displacements. Data analysis consists of forward modelling the observed fringe patterns based upon calculated displacements for a given stress field or Young's modulus. In situ tests of the stress measurement technique in a horizontal borehole in a mine pillar yield vertical compressive stresses of 10.2 MPa near 11.2 MPa predicted on the basis of mine depth and excavation ratio. Young's modulus measurements in the same borehole yield values from 26.9 to 36.0 GPa with a maximum uncertainty of 20%. A dependence of the measured moduli on borehole azimuth cannot be precluded. Laboratory calibrations of the Young's modulus test on metals of known elastic moduli demonstrate the validity of the holographic method.;Part II. Optical shock temperature measurements were conducted on silica glass and NaCl over the pressure range from 10 to 35 GPa. Silica glass temperatures between 20 and 30 GPa are approximately 3000 K and may represent the melting temperature of the high pressure phase stishovite over these pressures. Anomalously high temperatures (...