| The bubble sound created by injecting argon gas into water through a vertically downward facing lance was investigated under changing conditions in terms of the water mass, gas flow rates, lance diameters, lance depths, container sizes and temperatures. The effect of liquid surface tension on the bubble sound was studied by using water, alcohol and their mixtures as the liquid phase. The formation of a bubble formed at the tip of a downward facing lance was monitored with a high speed camera and a bubble formation mechanism was proposed based on the analysis of forces exerted on the bubble being formed. This proposed mechanism is different from the mechanism for a bubble formed at the tip of an upward facing lance. A new equation, applicable to any amount of surrounding liquid and therefore providing all possible bubble sound frequencies, has been developed: ;Applicability of the results to liquid metals was evaluated by using mercury as the liquid phase. Potential applications of the results in process metallurgy have been described. |
