| Fishing on coral reefs supports the livelihoods of millions of people around the world, but also has negative impacts fish population and, consequently, reef ecosystem health. Poverty and weak governance capacity have impeded the design and implementation of appropriate management systems. Here, I present three studies that advance the understanding of key social-ecological interactions in coral reef fisheries and that were inspired by actual management questions faced by stakeholders in the Montecristi province of the Dominican Republic. In the first chapter, I observed and described fishers' foraging behavior and decision making during the fishing process. This provided a novel insight into the fishing process with implications for management decisions on gear and species restrictions. In the second chapter, I proposed and simulated the effects of implementing a new strategy for managing stoplight parrotfish, Sparisoma viride, a protogynous hermaphrodite and key species for maintaining reef health. I built an agent-based population model to bring together demographic information from empirical studies and theoretical models to test how three aspects of fishing -- fishing pressure, size selection, and life-phase selection -- would interact to determine the biological outcomes of prohibiting the capture of certain life phases. I found that the easy-to-understand rule of prohibiting brightly-colored terminal-phase males could be an effective means of controlling the capture of this species. In the third chapter, I adapted the model in chapter two to compare other management options within the context of a highly exploited fishery. I tuned the model to better reflect the demographic processes of an overfished reef, and compared the population and economic outcomes associated with various management interventions. I found that stakeholders will face tradeoffs between short- and long-term economic gains, but that population rebuilding is a long-term, social-ecological win-win. Stakeholders can use this information to decide which strategies are likely to achieve ecological goals and what cost to expect from their implementation. Together, this body of work advances understanding of effective management interventions to improve the condition of coral reef ecosystems and sustain the livelihoods of fishers who depend on them. |
