Globalization and Latin American economies, 1960--1995: A network analysis model and implications for economic growth

This study examines the main theoretical features of globalization, as a theory of development. This theoretical context is applied to international trade. The aim of this study is to contribute both an analytical explanation and empirical evidence about the development processes of Latin American economies from 1960 to 1995.; Before the discussion and empirical assessment of integration as a main feature of globalization is addressed, an historical description of Latin American economies provides an understanding of the economic, and political forces affecting economic development in the region. Latin American countries are studied in terms of their international trade relationships with other countries with particular emphasis on the United States and Canada, Western Europe, and Japan.; The central research questions are: (a) Is there evidence that the processes of globalization have implied more integration from Latin American countries within the international economic scenario? and (b) Are exports the main driving forces behind economic growth of Latin American nations?; This study shows that international trade relations and the economic adjustment processes carried out in Latin American countries are good examples of links reflecting the current trends of globalization. Export leading policies from Latin America are having a complete and permanent effect on these societies. For this reason this dissertation includes the study of repercussions on economic growth.; Major conclusions of this research are: (i) based on international trade relationships of Latin American countries, a process of globalization and segregation is taking place; (ii) economic and social integration is needed to reinforce development processes within a context of respect for cultural values, respect for human rights, satisfaction of genuine needs, and a sustainable use of natural systems; (iii) "gravitational" elements as factors of international trade are evident: reinforcing international trade are factors such as openness of economies, complementary structure of exports, size of economies, and historical and social elements; factors opposing international trade are related to geographical distance, competitive/substitute role from other nations, and adverse historical and social aspects; and (iv) this study did not find any significant relationship between the levels of integration and economic growth.