Studies in falconry and conservation of Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) in Saudi Arabia

In order to maintain the art and traditional Arab heritage of falconry, immediate attempts must be implemented to maintain the declining population and habitat of the Houbara Bustard. This study discusses issues concerning the institution of falconry and status of the Houbara Bustard. It was carried out in the eastern and north eastern areas of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, where wintering Houbara are believed to arrive first on their migratory route.; One hundred thirty-five active falconers were interviewed, in addition to 150 livestock owners and city people. Their attitudes toward conservation of wildlife in Arabia were presented.; The author, a falconer, joined hunting parties in order to take a closer look at the activities of falconry and to collect data.; Thirty-nine sightings of Houbara were recorded. Twenty-three Houbara were killed. Nine stomach contents showed variation of 35-80% in animal and plant materials. One seed of Phoenix dactylifera was found. Morphometric data were taken from captive and wild Houbara. The average weight of captive Houbaras was 1,834 grams for males, 1,244 grams for females. The average weight of wild Houbaras was 2,269 grams for males, 1,333 grams for females.; People, including falconers, are in favor of preserving the institution of falconry for generations to come. Several scenarios are presented for the impact of falconers on the Houbara population. The relationships were determined between the number of Houbara killed, number of falcons used, number of vehicles used, and the number of days spent hunting. More Houbara were killed when more days were spent hunting and more vehicles were used in the hunt.; Recommendations are made for: researchers to work closely with falconers; a bag limit to be placed on hunters; falconry permits to be issued; a falconry club to be started; Houbara movements to be monitored; establishment of a raptor veterinary hospital; and for strong educational and promotional programs for the public, particularly school children.