| This study investigated the relations among acculturation, cultural values, and counseling expectations among three Chinese American subgroups, namely, Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. It was hypothesized that different westernized stages of these three Chinese societies would influence their level of acculturation, adherence to Asian cultural values, and counseling expectations. Also, it was hypothesized that Chinese subgroups, acculturation level, and cultural values would predict three subscales of counseling expectations. Participants consisted of 277 Chinese American students, 114 Mainland China, 95 Taiwan, and 68 Hong Kong, from a large, predominantly White University in the Midwest United States. Participants completed the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale, the Asian Cultural Values Scale, Expectations About Counseling - Brief Form, and a demographic questionnaire. Results did not support the hypotheses that there would be differences in acculturation level, adherence to Asian cultural values, and counseling expectations among the three Chinese American student subgroups. This suggests that Chinese American students are more similar in their acculturation level, adherence to Asian cultural values, and counseling expectations than might be expected given their heterogeneous political, economic and social histories. However, the results revealed that lower acculturated Chinese American students expressed higher expectations about Counselor Expertise as compared to Chinese American students who reported higher levels of acculturation. Discussion regarding the limitation of this study, implications for counseling Chinese American students, as well as directions for further research, are provided. |
