The fabrication of (bismuth,lead)(2) strontium(2) calcium(2) copper(3) oxygen(x) superconductor in bulk and tape forms

High-T{dollar}sb{lcub}rm c{rcub}{dollar} lead doped {dollar}rm Bisb2Srsb2Casb2Cusb2Cusb3Osb{lcub}x{rcub}{dollar} (BSCCO 2223) superconductor bulk materials were prepared using conventional powder metallurgy techniques, which were made from precursors having different histories. The ease of formation of superconducting phases was highly dependent on the processing of primitive powder. With the three-powder process that combines three kinds of calcined precursor powders, the formation of the BSCCO superconductor was accelerated and the amount of the secondary phase (e.g., Ca{dollar}sb2{dollar}CuO{dollar}sb3{dollar}) was reduced. The critical transition temperature (T{dollar}sb{lcub}rm c{rcub}{dollar}) of the superconductor from the three-powder process is higher than that from the one-powder process.; In lead-doped BSCCO 2223, positron trapping and annihilation evidently occur in the open BiO double layers rather than in the superconducting CuO{dollar}sb2{dollar} layers of the structure. Both positron annihilation parameters ({dollar}tausb1, tausb2, overlinetau){dollar} and Doppler parameters (P, W, P/W) were insensitive to the superconducting transition in this material. This is quite opposite to the case of YBCO and Dy doped YBCO where positron annihilation is sensitive to the superconducting transition.; High-T{dollar}sb{lcub}rm c{rcub}{dollar} BSCCO superconducting tapes were fabricated using the powder-in-tube (PIT) method that includes heat treatments as well as mechanical processing such as drawing, rolling, and pressing. The highest critical current densities (J{dollar}sb{lcub}rm c{rcub}{dollar}) at 5 and 77 K were 5.12 {dollar}times{dollar} 10{dollar}sp5{dollar} A/cm{dollar}sp2{dollar} and 1.77 {dollar}times{dollar} 10{dollar}sp4{dollar} A/cm{dollar}sp2{dollar}, respectively, for the tape sample which was solid state processed at 840{dollar}spcirc{dollar}C with three short sintering steps. J{dollar}sb{lcub}rm c{rcub}{dollar} values at 5 and 77 K of tape samples were 1 and 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of bulk samples, respectively. The preferred orientations of the BSCCO 2212 phase in the tape samples were basal and (1 1 13) textures; for the BSCCO 2223 phase preferred orientations were also basal and (1 1 19) textures. By taking the ratios of the texture coefficients (TCs) for (0 0 1) and (1 1 0) reflections, one can describe the strength of the basal texture for each superconducting phase in both bulk and tape. From these ratios one can say that the best basal texture for the tape BSCCO 2212 was produced by the procedure which included partial melting at 850{dollar}spcirc{dollar}C for 0.3 h. The best treatment for BSCCO 2223 was the tape sample with solid state processing at 840{dollar}spcirc{dollar}C in 10% oxygen.