High Reynolds number turbulent pipe flow

New observations were made on the behavior of fully-developed turbulent pipe flow by re-examining previous experimental work, especially the high Reynolds number pipe data of Zagarola [78] (31 × 103 ≤ Re_D ≤ 35 × 106) and Jiang et al. [32]. In the process, new corrections were developed for measurements using Pitot tubes and wall static pressure tappings. Important new results were found regarding the scaling of the mean velocity profile.; New forms for both the displacement correction to Pitot probe measurements and the wall term, which is required to collapse near-wall data taken with probes of different diameters, were proposed. Appropriate Pitot corrections were shown to play a highly significant part in conclusions to be drawn from the data.; The correction to the static pressure due to finite size of the static pressure tapping was found to continue to increase with Reynolds number for sufficiently small tappings, contrary to previous studies. The effect of the new correction was to remove the downwards displacements observed in mean velocity profiles for increasing Reynolds numbers, which have been attributed elsewhere to the increasing importance of surface roughness.; Incorporating these probe corrections in a new analysis of Zagarola's data, different constants for the friction factor law, valid for Re_D > 300 × 103, were established. The friction factor was predicted to the accuracy of the data (±1.1%) and it was shown that roughness is not important until the highest Reynolds numbers (Re_D ≥ 18 × 106). The value of the yon Kármán constant was determined to be 0.422 ± 0.002.; Complete similarity of the mean velocity profile in the form of a logarithmic overlap region was observed for Re_D > 300 × 103, which is the same range for constant additive terms in the logarithmic law, the limit of applicability of the friction law that yielded the von Kármán constant and the Reynolds number for which $U+CL-U+$ becomes a constant. The logarithmic law exists for 600 < y+ ≤ 0.12R + and is well described by a von Kármán constant equal to 0.422 ± 0.002 and additive constants 5.60 ± 0.08 and 1.20 ± 0.10, in inner and outer scaling respectively. The presence of a power law nearer the wall, as suggested by Zagarola and Smits, is confirmed.