| haracterizing the optical properties of the ocean has traditionally involved measuring daylight submarine light-field quantities, most commonly plane irradiance and upwelling radiance, from which certain apparent optical properties (AOP's) can be derived. As useful as these measurements are, fundamental progress in optical oceanography also requires the determination of inherent optical properties (IOP's). Comparison of IOP's has also been problematic because, unlike radiometric measurements, there are no agreed-upon methods or standards for the characterization and calibration of IOP instruments. New instruments and methods, which include theoretical advances in radiative transfer theory, have been developed for accurately measuring IOP's, specifically the absorption, beam attenuation, and backward scattering coefficients, and the volume scattering function (VSF) at and near 180;The fixed-angle backscattering-measurement approach is investigated for the application of measuring... |
