| Through a network of -bonds water forms a liquid that is essential to life and the environment. This formation is not fully understood or characterized. As a result, an extensive body of experimental and theoretical research has been devoted to water. In turn, ice should be an easier system than water to understand because the molecules are arranged in a rigid periodic lattice; however, this is not the case. Normal ice that we are familiar with has 13 crystalline phases all observed at different temperatures and pressures. Ice crystal structures are found to have periodic molecules, therefore, it is very interesting for there to exist a disorder in their orientations. A tremendous amount of progress has been made in understanding the physical properties of ice, but there is work yet to be carried out. Our experiments show a larger variation exists between Ice-Ih, KOH doped, and HCl doped ices. In typical laboratory samples of Ice-Ih, KOH doped or HCl doped ice there exists a detectable amount of rotational motion that is seen vividly in the NMR spectra. Also, comparative studies on pure and doped ices shows the process governing 17 relaxation is a single proton motion.; Oxygen-17 is potentially a very effective tool for obtaining information into these systems. This is because the coupling constant for oxygen should be very sensitive to changes in p-electron density, so that hydrogen bonding involving the lone pair electrons should be reflected in large changes in the coupling constant and analogous to the oxygen-17 spin-lattice relaxation times. By monitoring 17 as a function of temperature and dopant concentration valuable information about how the impurities affect proton rearrangements and activation energies obtained. These will give valuable information about the nature of these various defect motions in the doped ice systems. |
