The observed universe is quite inhomogeneous on small scales although it appears to be smooth on large scales. One needs to understand how light propagates through those inhomogeneities to correctly interpret what one observes in the sky.;The first part of this work consists of setting up the galaxy distribution between ;By comparing the distribution of galaxies at ;Next, we apply the properties of multi-plane gravitational lensing to follow a bundle of light rays back in time up to... |