| The CCP technique is created with zonal sine fitting to the stratospheric ozone calculated from TOMS total column ozone above high-altitude clouds, which are identified with both 380nm reflectivity and THIR cloud top pressure, or only 380nm reflectivity with the aid of a lowpass frequency filter if no THIR observations are available. The SAGECCP method is the same as the CCP technique except that integrated SAGE stratospheric ozone is added into the stratospheric ozone calculated from cloudy points in CCP.; The six TOMS-driven methods display RMS difference of 4–12DU in the Pacific Ocean, and RMS difference of 6–18 DU in the Atlantic Ocean. Scatter plots and Taylor Diagrams (a method that indicates the correlation coefficient, standard deviation, and RMS errors of two time series in one single diagram) of the six TOMS-driven methods indicate that their structures are more consistent than their absolute magnitudes are. CCP, CCD, and MR indicate consistent seasonal variances and reasonable responses to ENSO in the Pacific Ocean and reasonable responses to QBO in the Atlantic Ocean. SHADOZ, DIAL, GOME, and GEOS-CHEM simulation tropospheric ozone are compared to six TOMS-driven methods as well.; The mechanism for the Tropical Atlantic Paradox (TAP) is identified as a combination resulting from meteorological dynamics, biomass burning, lightning NOx, PAN, and cross-equator transport. The vertical convection above tropical Africa and South America, and the anticyclone and strong subsidence above the southern Atlantic create an ozone accumulation environment in the tropical southern Atlantic. Biomass burning provides a large number of ozone precursors, and those precursors are passively transported by dynamics. Lightning ozone enhancement contributes more ozone to the southern Atlantic than to northern Africa in December, January, and February. PAN contributes and extends the tropospheric ozone enhancement in the southern Atlantic. |
