| This research uses a perfluorocarbon emulsion based blood substitute (PEBS). The intent is to determine whether, and to what extent, the presence of the PEBS interferes with the electrochemical detection of the several model analytes, potassium ferricyanide, 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP), ruthenium trisbipyridine, and hydroquinone. Two methods were used in these experiments, cyclic voltammetry using a glassy carbon stationary electrode, and hydrodynamic voltammetry using a glassy carbon rotating disk electrode. The effects of scan rate, electrode rotation rate, and sample volume on the voltammograms of these analytes in 0--20% PEBS are presented. These experiments show that cyclic voltammetry and hydrodynamic voltammetry are useful detection methods to obtain quantitative analytical data for each analyte in the presence of a blood substitute. This research also shows that using hydrodynamic voltammetric detection, it is possible to obtain data from a 50 muL drop of analyte solution in this PEBS, and that the substitute itself shows no electrochemical activity. Another aspect of this research uses an immunoassay, involving the conversion of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to its reduced form NADH that has been developed to determine the concentration of the drugs theophylline and phenytoin. Experiments were done using this immunoassay in the presence of the PEBS. Several detection methods have been explored. These include spectrophotometric detection, and the electrochemical detection methods: cyclic voltammetry, hydrodynamic voltammetry, and hydrodynamic amperometry. This research shows that each is a viable detection method with the amperometric technique giving the best results. |
