| The majority of U.S. power grid was built in early 1930s. This aging and overburdened power grid infrastructure is under a tremendous pressure to deliver the rising demand of domestic electricity consumption. To address these challenges, Smart Grid has emerged as a promising solution to reconstructing the current energy infrastructure and ensuring the reliability of energy supply. Advanced energy and power management systems are critical components that help Smart Grid come to fruition. This dissertation addresses two important issues associated with Smart Grid operations: (1) grid integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs); and (2) grid integration of distributed renewable energy sources. The first part of this dissertation introduces the electrification of transportation and details the impact of grid integration of PEVs on both power transmission and distribution systems. Smart charging algorithms are proposed to regulate multiple PEV charging loads at a public charging facility (e.g., municipal parking deck). A digital testbed is developed to evaluate the proposed charging algorithms and demonstrate the required two-way communication infrastructure. The second part of this dissertation develops a two-stage Smart Grid framework for plug-and-play of a large number of distributed renewable energy generation and storage, which eliminates the high cost of expanding and maintaining the transmission system for integrating centralized renewable energy generation. A scenario-based stochastic day-ahead energy scheduling is proposed to achieve the optimal Smart Grid operations and accommodate the inherent intermittence and variability of renewable energy resources (e.g., wind and solar). A model predictive control (MPC) based power dispatch model is proposed to maintain the real-time power balance and consider the real-world uncertainties associated with PEV charging. In addition, while legacy power system operations are solely driven by lease-cost and reliability concerns, Smart Grid innovations are completely reshaping the traditional views of our power generation, distribution, and consumption, social environment and business world. An innovative, heterogeneous, decentralized electricity market framework is proposed to encourage the high participation of residential customers ("Energy Cell") in a new power distribution infrastructure ("Energy Internet"). |
