| The main objective of this research was to study the variation in the accumulation rate of pollution on insulators according to the speed of the wind under the winter conditions. More specifically, this research aimed to further knowledge on the pollution accumulation process on high voltage energized insulators during the winter. In absence of pre-established methods to simulate the accumulation of winter pollution on the insulators, this study required the development of new methods of simulation. Among the three categories of known methods of simulation, numerical simulation and artificial accumulation in laboratory were selected.;The developed numerical simulation model was adapted from a 2D model of ice accretion on a cable. Taking certain restrictions into account, it was shown that this constituted a good approach for modeling pollution accumulation under winter conditions. Thus, the numerical simulations carried out using this model made it possible to show the strong positive correlation between the daily accumulation rate of winter pollution and wind speed. Numerical simulation results also made it possible to find the relation between these two variables which is governed by a power law according to the expression ESDD = aVb, where a and b are parameters whose values are determined by insulator shape, pollution particle size and total suspended particles in the air. However, the resulting equation was not a cubic function, characteristic of marine pollution, considering the value obtained for b. Finally, by comparing the numerical results to the experimental ones, it was possible to partially validate the numerical model, being limited to wind speeds not exceeding 5 m/s together with pollution particle size of 20 μm median volume diameter (MVD), and total suspended particles (TSP) equals to 30 μg/m 3.;As for the artificial accumulation in laboratory, the developed model was based on the adaptation of the "Dry-Mixing" contamination method. This required setting up a specially designed pollution generator, which was composed of a solid aerosol generator and a nozzle system, in order to produce an external dry mixture of solid pollutants (kaolin powder), and supercooled atomized brine droplets. The air flow, produced by a variable speed fan inside a closed- or an open-loop refrigerated wind tunnel, carried the generated pollution particles and deposited them on the energized or unenergized surface of a test insulator, installed at a specific distance from the pollution generator nozzle. Then, contamination simulations were carried out in the CIGELE refrigerated wind tunnel and in a climate chamber. Experiments without applied voltage were carried out both inside the refrigerated wind tunnel and the climate chamber, whereas those with high voltage source were carried out exclusively inside the climate chamber.;The obtained experimental results made it possible to study the effects of wind on the accumulation rate of pollution under winter conditions and also to analyze the influence of AC high voltage on the accumulation process. It was found that ESDD is also related to the wind speed power function, ESDD = aVb, where a and b are parameters depending on experimental conditions such as accumulation duration, temperature, nozzle air pressure, brine flow rate and concentration, as well as applied voltage. However, this is far from being a cubic function according to the obtained values of b. In addition, it was found that pollution accumulated faster on the top surface of the sheds than on the bottom surface. Also under AC high voltage, the effect of the dielectrophoretic force was only notable on the top surface of the sheds at low wind speed contrary to the bottom surface where its effect was more considerable at high wind speed. Moreover, by comparing the experimental results to the ones obtained in the field, it was possible to validate the model used inside the climate chamber under AC high voltage, but only for the top surface.;In brief, the three simulation models developed in this study have this in common that under winter conditions there is a rapid increase of the pollution accumulation rate on the insulators subject to high wind speed, and that the variation of ESDD as function of wind speed is a power law different from the cubic law V3. |
