| A one dimensional comprehensive river ice model was developed for unsteady river hydraulic and ice simulations based on models RICE (Shen and Lal, 1991) and RICEN (Shen et al. 1995). The model is capable of simulating the mixed flow conditions in a single channel river, or a river network, with hydraulic structures. The thermal-ice modules, include components of water temperature and suspended frazil ice concentration distributions including super-cooling, border ice formation, anchor ice, surface ice runs, ice cover or jam formation and progression, undercover transport and accumulation, thermal growth and decay of ice cover, and cover stability and breakup. The model was calibrated and validated with field data from Peace River, BC, Canada and St. Lawrence River, NY. Four years of winter data were used to calibrate Peace River ice conditions and the calibrated parameters were used to model the 2003-04 winter ice condition. Ice and hydraulic conditions after building the proposed dam in Peace River was also modeled. Three winters of ice and hydraulic conditions of St. Lawrence River was also modeled and a cover breakup criterion was proposed. |
