Modeling, design and optimization of electrodynamic zero-net mass-flux (ZNMF) actuators

Zero-net mass-flux (ZNMF) actuators have been used for flow control applications such as separation control, thermal management. Electrodynamic transduction has been employed implementing these actuators in the past. However, a systematic design and modeling approach has been absent. This work presents a first-principles-based low order model for electrodynamic zero-net mass-flux (ZNMF) actuators. The lumped element modeling approach is used to model the multi-energy domain coupled system.;The model developed was validated using prototype ZNMF actuators. A low cost, flexible, repeatable hybrid manufacturing technique was developed to realize these prototype actuators. Based on this model, the parameters that have the most impact on the actuator were identified. The model predicted the performance of several actuator configurations with less than 10 % error.;Several design trends and tradeoffs were presented to enable intelligent design of these actuators. The model was also used to formulate a constrained optimization of the electrodynamic actuator. The optimized actuator was fabricated and characterized. The optimized actuator demon stared at least 50 % higher output velocities as compared to the baseline actuator. The optimized actuator achieved nearly 35 m/s maximum output velocity. The optimized actuator had volume of 15 cm3, overall mass of 90 g and maximum input power of 900 mW.