| This study investigates the effects of biosphere as sources on two atmospheric trace gases: dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and formaldehyde (HCHO) are predominant primary and secondary trace gases in oceanic and forested environments, respectively. DMS is mainly emitted from the ocean surface by phytoplankton, and significantly contributes to global sulfur budget and sulfate aerosol formation. In this study, DMS was measured in upwelling northwestern coast of California during the summer of 2005. A newly developed parameterization, which is a combination of upwelling strength, marine boundary layer height, and wind speed, successfully reproduced observed atmospheric DMS. In addition, based on a budget equation, DMS flux from an upwelling coastal region was estimated.;HCHO was measured in a coniferous forest during the BEARPEX (Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment) field intensive in 2007. Various biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) were investigated as HCHO precursors (17 BVOCs for OH-initiated oxidation, 13 BVOCs for ozonolysis, and 6 species for a peroxyacetyl radical production) to explain the observed HCHO concentrations by quantifying the known production and loss terms in a HCHO budget equation. The results support the vigorous intra-canopy chemistry of reactive BVOCs and also show the importance of transported precursors along with the Sacramento plume.;Finally, atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) heights were estimated using a spectral analysis of horizontal winds over a mountainous terrain during the BEARPEX campaigns. Horizontal winds were obtained from the tower measurements with a 10Hz sonic anemometer. Estimated ABL heights showed good agreements with observations in unstable environments, whereas nocturnal wind spectra seemed to be influenced by dynamics other than turbulence. Nonetheless, a diagnostic equation suggested by previous studies is likely to explain the variations in stable nocturnal boundary layer heights. |
