Research On Preferential Tax Policies Based On The Scientific And Technological Competitiveness Of High-tech Industry In China

Science and technology determine national strength and national destiny.The innovation ability of an enterprise reflects the innovation ability of a country.And the technological competitiveness of an enterprise reflects the innovation ability of an enterprise.Since reform and opening-up,the level of scientific and technological competitiveness of Chinese enterprises has significantly improved.For example,in the field of high-speed maglev technology,aerospace and biological fields,the scientific and technological competitiveness of Chinese enterprises has been in the forefront of the world.However,on the whole,there is still a big gap between China's high-tech enterprises and international advanced high-tech enterprises.This gap is not only reflected in the R&D and equipment manufacturing of high-end technologies such as high-end chips,lithography machines,high-end precision manufacturing equipment,aeroengines,precise CNC machine tools,but also in the application of high-tech in enterprise production.Because there are risks in science and technology investment,in order to promote enterprises to accelerate the development of science and technology competitiveness,China's government has implemented a series of tax reduction measures including tax incentives.There is no doubt that these measures have played an important role in promoting the level of technological competitiveness of enterprises.Then,what is the degree of the function of the government's preferential tax policies? How to implement tax preferential policy more efficiently? As an important factor of national fiscal revenue and expenditure,tax preferential policy should pay attention to how to coordinate with other fiscal policies.And China will face some problems at present and in the future,for example,the deterioration of the international economic environment,the aging of the domestic population,the imbalance of urban and rural development,and the continuous high pressure of people's livelihood demand,China's economic downward pressure,the increase of fiscal rigid expenditure,the high debt of local governments,and the rising fiscal deficit rate,etc.how to make the necessary tax incentives for high-tech industries The policy can produce more effective results,which has important theoretical and practical significance for improving the scientific and technological competitiveness of China's high-tech enterprises and improving the tax preferential policies.At the same time,it has reference value for other industries.How to make the necessary tax preferential policies of high-tech industries more effective is of great theoretical and practical significance to enhance the scientific and technological competitiveness of China's high-tech enterprises and improve the preferential tax policies.At the same time,this paper has reference value for the preferential tax policies in other industries.This paper uses the methods of literature analysis,comparative analysis and quantitative analysis to analyze the current preferential tax policies qualitatively and quantitatively.Through the analysis,it is found that,generally speaking,the preferential tax policies can promote the scientific and technological competitiveness of high-tech enterprises.However,there are still some preferential measures whose effect is not very ideal.In addition,the implementation of preferential tax policies may lead to the increase of non tax revenue,the increase of local government debt and the segmentation of the market.Therefore,we should take the goal of maximizing the use efficiency of financial funds,take legal tax preference,fairness and efficiency into consideration,and gradual improvement as the principle to improve the current preferential tax policy.At the same time,it should be supplemented by relevant supporting measures.The main contents and conclusions are as follows.(1)Theoretical analysis.Based on the tax regulation theory,innovation theory,external effect theory,the relationship between the government and the market theory,this paper explains the rationality and necessity of tax preferential policies promoting the competitiveness of high-tech industry.In addition,this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of preferential tax policies on the scientific and technological competitiveness of China's high-tech enterprises.In terms of science and technology input,this paper uses budget constraint line,equal production line,labor supply curve and labor demand curve to research the influence mechanism of preferential tax policies.The research finds that tax preference can increase enterprise's science and technology input.In terms of science and technology output,taking Ramsey economic growth model as the framework,adding government tax revenue elements,through mathematical deduction,the relationship between the average tax rate of enterprises and the marginal output of capital and the relationship between the average tax rate and the marginal output of labor are obtained.It is found that tax preference can increase the scientific and technological output of enterprises.(2)Evaluating the current situation of science and technology competitiveness of China's high-tech industry and relevant preferential tax policies.In the first place,this paper evaluates the scientific and technological competitiveness of China's high-tech industry from the aspects of overall development status,overall strength evaluation,science and technology input,science and technology output,and science and technology support.It is found that China's high-tech industry has made great progress on the whole.However,there are still some problems such as low R&D efficiency and unbalanced development of high-tech industries.In addition,this paper sorts out the preferential tax policies of enhancing the scientific and technological competitiveness of Chinese enterprises.According to the life cycle of enterprises,the relevant tax preferential policies are sorted out.The research finds that the current preferential tax policies that are suitable for empirical analysis include the R&D expenses additional deduction policy and the low tax rate corporate income tax policy.At the same time,the tax preferential policies have some characteristics,for example,more tax regulations,diversification and more direct preferential policies.(3)Analyzing the effect of tax preferential policies on the promotion of science and technology competitiveness of China's high-tech enterprises.Based on the data of listed high-tech enterprises,this paper empirically analyzes the effect of tax preferential policies on enhancing the competitiveness of China's high-tech enterprises from four aspects that is science and technology input,science and technology output,science and technology support,and science and technology transformation efficiency.In addition,introducing characteristic variables into the model to study the impact of heterogeneity of high-tech enterprises on the effect of preferential tax policies.The heterogeneity includes the nature of enterprise ownership,the willingness of enterprise innovation,the geographical location of the enterprise,and the financial constraints of the enterprise.The research shows that China's preferential tax policies promote the competitiveness of enterprises in science and technology.In terms of specific effects,preferential tax policies have the strongest promotion effect on enterprises' science and technology input,followed by the promotion effect of science and technology support,the promotion effect of science and technology transformation,and the promotion effect of science and technology output.In terms of the specific tax preferential measures,the promotion effect of the preferential policy of R&D additional deduction is strong,but the promotion effect of preferential policies of low tax rate enterprise income tax is not very obvious.In addition,the effect of preferential tax policy on enterprises,which are the state-owned,have strong innovation willing,is in eastern region,have small financial constraints,is more obvious.(4)Expounding several relations that need to be handled well in the implementation of tax preferential policies.Preferential tax policies can encourage the beneficiaries to implement their normal economic activities.From a macro perspective,preferential tax policies are conducive to the realization of the long-term economic and social development goals.However,in a certain period of time,the government's tax reduction measures will inevitably have a certain adverse impact on the balance of fiscal revenue and expenditure and market operation.Therefore,it is necessary to deal with other economic problems related to tax when implementing preferential tax policies.Using PVAR model,fixed effect static panel model and spatial panel model,this paper analyzes the relationship between tax preferential policies and non tax revenue,local government debt,public expenditure efficiency and market segmentation.The research shows that the implementation of tax preferential policies will promote the growth of non tax revenue,increase local government debt,improve public expenditure efficiency and aggravate market segmentation.(5)Putting forward relevant policy suggestions.In order to maximize the efficiency of the use of financial funds and in accordance with the principles of legal tax preference,efficiency and fairness,gradual progress,this paper puts forward relevant specific suggestions.The suggestion is that the government should increase the preferential degree of R&D additional deduction and improve the identification policy of high-tech enterprises and consider the heterogeneity of high-tech enterprises.At the same time,in order to avoid other adverse effects caused by the implementation of tax preferential policies,this paper puts forward relevant supporting policies,including strengthening non tax revenue management,strengthening local debt management,further improving the efficiency of government expenditure,and promoting market integration.The innovative research of this paper mainly includes the following points.Firstly,this paper analyzes the mechanism of tax preferential policies affecting the competitiveness of enterprises in science and technology.Through the influence of tax policies,budget constraint line,labor supply curve and labor demand curve will change.And taking the Ramsey economic growth model as the framework,introducing government tax elements,through mathematical deduction,the paper concludes that tax preference can impact enterprises' scientific and technological input and output.Secondly,the paper analyzes the differences of tax preferential policy effects and considers the differences of tax preferential policy effects in ownership nature,innovation willingness,geographical location and financial constraints of enterprises.The differences are reflected by introducing characteristic variables into the model.This paper does not adopt the method of grouping regression.Thirdly,this paper systematically considers the other economic problems when giving preferential tax policies.Current research only focuses on the effect of tax policy on high-tech industries.A few scholars also consider the impact on fiscal deficit and social security,but it is not very comprehensive.This paper not only analyzes the effect of tax preferential policies on improving the scientific and technological competitiveness of China's high-tech enterprises,but also analyzes the impact of tax preferential policies on the government's non tax revenue,local government debt,public expenditure efficiency,and market segmentation.Forthly,this paper puts forward the evaluation index of high-tech enterprises' scientific and technological competitiveness,referring to the previous research and according to characteristics of high-tech enterprises.At the same time,the entropy weight method is used to give the corresponding weight to each index.