| In the four decades of reform and opening,China’s economy has developed rapidly.But the poverty still exist and has become an important factor in affecting China’s economic development.China has achieved great results in poverty alleviation,but the task of poverty alleviation is still arduous.By the end of 2019,the number of rural poor had decreased to 5.51 million,and the incidence of poverty had fallen to 0.6%.More than 5 million poor people still need to be resolved to achieve the goal of poverty alleviation on schedule,but the more difficult it is to reach the critical period of poverty alleviation,the more difficult it is to reduce poverty,and the higher the cost of poverty reduction.The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the CPC pointed out that on the basis of adhering to the general direction of poverty alleviation in China,we must pay more attention to improving the personal capabilities and qualities of the poor and pay attention to the sustainable and autonomous poverty alleviation.Theoretically,economic growth will promote the reduction of poverty,while the widening income gap will hinder poverty alleviation.With economic growth,although China ’s poverty has shown a significant downward trend,the risk of residents returning to poverty has become more apparent.The marginal effect of economic growth and poverty reduction has shown a downward trend.As the income gap widens,the problem of poverty in China has become more serious.Against the backdrop of poverty alleviation,in-depth discussions on how to solve China’s poverty problem and build a long-term mechanism to prevent return to poverty have extremely important practical significance and theoretical value.Based on the heterogeneity perspective,combining China’s national conditions and current economic conditions,this paper uses a combination of mathematical derivation and empirical analysis to synthesize micro and macro data to conduct a systematic study of the new poverty decomposition measure and empirical test based on the income distribution evolution.First,we analyze the mechanism of the impact between income changes and poverty,revealing the rationality of the new poverty decomposition method that introduces income distribution evolution.Second,based on the new poverty decomposition method,using micro-survey data to study growth effect,discrete effect and heterogeneous effect under the different poverty standards,then compare and analyze with the traditional poverty decomposition method;subsequently,using the mesurement technology to empirically test the new poverty decomposition method and the robustness of its measurement;based on this article,respectively from the three effects of growth effect,discrete effect and heterogeneous effect,it analyzes the impact mechanism of economic growth,government subsidies and education heterogeneity on poverty change under the new poverty decomposition framework.The above research provides theoretical reference and practical guidance for China to complete the goal of alleviating poverty and building a well-off society.The main research contents and conclusions are summarized as follows:First of all,based on the background of China ’s special economic development and poverty alleviation,this paper sorts out the classic theories of income distribution and poverty at different levels,and then proposes the theoretical perspectives of new residents’ poverty decomposition measurement and empirical test from the perspective of income distribution evolution.We introduce the residual effect which representing the heterogeneity of residents into the poverty decomposition to construct a new three-dimensional poverty decomposition framework.Then we analysis from the starting point of the new poverty decomposition method and measurement,mathematical derivation,realistic and expectations theoretically.At last,we lay a theoretical foundation for exploring the path of poverty reduction in China from an empirical perspective.In order to verify the robustness of the new poverty decomposition method,this paper first designs three dynamic measurement indicators based on counterfactual thinking that represent income distribution evolution,changes in variance,and changes in residuals,and introduces them into the traditional poverty decomposition framework for the first time.Explain poverty from three levels: growth effect,discrete effect and heterogeneous effect.And using household nutrition and health(CHNS)micro-survey data to compare and analyze the decomposition results of the traditional poverty decomposition method and the new poverty decomposition method,it is found that the new poverty decomposition method that introduces income distribution evolution is more reasonable and comprehensive in the process of poverty reduction.The results show that income growth effects reduce the incidence of poverty;discrete effects worsen the depth and intensity of poverty;heterogeneous effects mainly reduce the depth and intensity of poverty,indicating that the effect of income growth is not enough to make up for the poverty caused by the widening income gap.However,the heterogeneous effect can make up for the poor poverty effect brought by the widening income gap,which means that under the background of poverty alleviation,heterogeneous effect will occupy an increasingly important position in China’s poverty reduction process.In order to further verify the robustness of the new poverty decomposition method,based on the new poverty decomposition framework,this paper uses a binary regression model to further test the poverty reduction characteristics of growth effects,discrete effects,and heterogeneous effects.The empirical results show that the growth effect and heterogeneous effect have a poverty reduction effect,while the discrete effect has a poor poverty effect,and the poverty reduction effect of the heterogeneous effect and the poor poverty effect of the discrete effect are almost equal,indicating that the growth effect and the heterogeneous effect can improve Residents’ income level reduces poverty,and the heterogeneous effect can make up for the poor poverty caused by the discrete effect.The empirical results are consistent with the poverty decomposition results above,further verifying the robustness of the new poverty decomposition method.Then on the growth effect of the new poverty decomposition to empirically study the mechanism of economic growth on poverty alleviation.The research results show that economic growth does have a significant positive effect on poverty alleviation in China,and the poverty reduction effect of economic growth is significantly higher than financial development and income distribution,among which the poverty reduction effect of income distribution is the worst.At the same time,there is a clear “U-shaped” relationship between economic growth and income distribution and poverty alleviation.In addition,there is a positive correlation between economic growth and financial development,a negative correlation between income distribution,and a negative correlation between financial development and income distribution.On the one hand,it indicates that financial development can promote economic growth to reduces poverty,on the other hand,it can also reduce poverty indirectly by narrowing the income gap;but with economic growth,the income distribution gap also widens,so in the process of economic growth and poverty reduction,the widening income gap will inevitably hinder poverty reduction;At the same time,heterogeneous factors such as education level have a positive effect on economic growth,which means that promoting economic growth through heterogeneous factors such as improving education level can alleviate poverty indirectly.At the same time,the empirical analysis of the effect of government subsidies on poverty alleviation is started from the discrete effects of the new poverty decomposition.The research results show that government subsidy standards have obvious threshold characteristics for poverty reduction of urban and rural residents,t China’s urban and rural government subsidy standards have a significant non-linear effect on poverty alleviation,indicating that the impact of China’s government subsidy and welfare policies on poverty alleviation has no longer been overall.Sexual characteristics,only when the government subsidy reaches a certain standard,the government subsidy and welfare policy can promote poverty reduction for poor residents,that is,excessive government subsidy standards will create welfare dependence,make the effect of poverty reduction not significant,and even increase the risk of residents returning to poverty;and low government subsidy standards make government subsidy policies ineffective,and residents’ poverty alleviation effect is not significant.In addition,urban and rural residents have the best poverty reduction benefits,and the worst are the poverty reduction effects of workers’ compensation.Therefore,China should strengthen the construction of the minimum guarantee policy and improve other government subsidy models while regulating urban and rural government subsidy standards to further improve our government subsidy policy system.Finally,based on the new poverty decomposition framework,the empirical analysis of the role of educational heterogeneity in China’s poverty reduction process is started from the heterogeneous effect.The empirical results show that both regional variables and individual characteristic variables have significant effects on poverty alleviation.At the regional level,there is an upward trend in the poor poverty effect of income inequality between provinces.The widening income gap severely hinders the poverty reduction process of our residents.Urbanization has reduced the poverty of our residents.Although changes in the consumption rate have worsened our poverty,However,the trend of deterioration shows a downward trend,indicating that in terms of poverty reduction policies at the regional level,China should further promote urbanization while reducing the income gap;at the individual level,the impact of age on poverty has gradually become insignificant.The poverty reduction effect shows a downward trend,and the increase in education has greatly reduced the poverty of our residents,indicating that at the individual level,China should attach importance to education and reduce poverty.While increasing education investment,further increase education subsidies for poor groups and increase The quality of the Chinese population and the path to sustainable and autonomous poverty reduction.In addition,the poverty reduction effect of education is significantly affected by regional variables,and there are significant differences in the role of education in reducing poverty in different regions.The poverty reduction effect of education in the eastern region of China is obviously higher than that in the central and western regions.However,due to the uneven economic development of the eastern and central and western regions and the difference in the degree of improvement of the education system,the trend of poverty reduction in education in the eastern region is stable.Due to the slow economic development and the imperfect education mechanism,the poverty reduction effect of education has shown a downward trend.Therefore,we based on related theoretical foundations and empirical research,this paper proposes a new poverty decomposition measure and empirical test based on income distribution changes.It introduces heterogeneity factors into the original poverty decomposition framework to form income growth effects,which are discrete.The new poverty decomposition framework composed of three dimensions of effects and heterogeneous effects,tested the correlation mechanism between income and poverty alleviation at different levels,and reduced it to the economic growth poverty reduction mechanism and discrete effects of the new poverty decomposition growth effect.Government subsidy poverty reduction mechanism and education heterogeneous poverty reduction mechanism with heterogeneous effects.In terms of practical significance,in the context of special national conditions,this paper uses cutting-edge technology and methods to gradually and empirically test a series of effects of income distribution changes on poverty alleviation,and fully considers the effects of income from different paths on poverty alleviation in China during the poverty alleviation stage.,To better explain the practical problem of poverty alleviation in China.Finally,this article believes that in light of the needs of the development characteristics of different regions,the flexible use of policies such as promoting income levels,reducing income gaps,and improving the quality of individual residents should be rationally used to further reduce poverty in China in the era of poverty alleviation and achieve full completion in 2020.The grand goal of a well-off society. |
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