| The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward:"Deepening the structural reform of the supply side,taking the quality of the supply system as the main direction,accelerating the development of advanced manufacturing,promoting the deep integration of the internet,big data,artificial intelligence and the real economy,and promoting the accumulation of resource elements to the real economy.Policy measures are tilted towards the real economy,work forces are strengthened to the real economy,and create the development environment and social atmosphere of down-to-earth,hard-working,and industrial wealth are created."Manufacturing enterprises,as an important part of China's real economy,improve their own total factor productivity,which is one of the important ways to improve the overall total factor productivity of China's economy.One of the important ways for manufacturing companies to improve total factor productivity is to improve production efficiency through R&D and innovation activities to improve production technology,optimize production factor combinations,and introduce new products with higher market value added.The ability of independent innovation of enterprises is crucial.At present,the main problem of China's manufacturing enterprises in R&D and innovation activities is that their R&D input intensity is still at a low level.The R&D input routine level of manufacturing enterprises is still very low,and there is a big gap compared with developed countries.Therefore,improving the R&D input intensity of China's manufacturing enterprises and the regularization level of R&D and innovation activities is the most urgent task to promote China's transformation from a big manufacturing country to a powerful manufacturing country,and to achieve the "Made in China 2025"strategic goal and manufacturing innovation-driven development.In theory,due to the high degree of uncertainty in the output of R&D innovation activities,under the condition that the R&D input intensity of manufacturing enterprises is too low and the R&D and innovation activities are not regularized,the R&D innovation output results of manufacturing enterprises have strong randomness,therefore,it is difficult to reach an agreement on the research and analysis of the output efficiency of manufacturing R&D innovation activities in the context of this condition.Based on the above theoretical and practical background,this paper focuses on the input of R&D and innovation activities of manufacturing enterprises in China,focusing on the research and analysis of the main factors affecting the R&D investment of China's manufacturing enterprises and their influencing mechanisms,thereby increasing R&D input intensity for China's manufacturing industry,improve the regularization level of R&D and innovation activities,and then improve the independent innovation capability of China's manufacturing enterprises,and ultimately promote the smooth realization of China's"Made in China 2025" strategic goal and provide useful reference.Based on the existing research,the service industry and the fairness of labor-capital income distribution within the manufacturing enterprises are two important factors influencing the R&D input of manufacturing enterprises.Therefore,in the third chapter,the paper studies the impact of manufacturing serviceization on the R&D input intensity of manufacturing enterprises.The study found that from the perspective of R&D input intensity of manufacturing enterprises,the service rate of manufacturing industry is not as high as possible,but there is "moderate interval".Only the service rate of manufacturing enterprises is in this "moderate interval".At the same time,the improvement of the service level will positively stimulate the R&D input intensity of the manufacturing enterprises,that is,there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between the manufacturing service rate and the R&D innovation input intensity of the enterprise.Through empirical analysis,it is found that the "moderate interval" of the service rate of manufacturing enterprises with different regions,scales,ownership and factor density has significant heterogeneity.And through empirical analysis,this paper finds that manufacturing serviceization mainly affects the intensity of R&D innovation input by affecting the financing constraints of manufacturing enterprises.The fourth chapter of this paper mainly studies the impact of the fairness of labor-capital income distribution on the R&D input intensity of manufacturing enterprises.From the perspective of the fairness of labor income distribution,in 1996-2013,the objective fairness of China's labor income-capital distribution is capital-bias at the first.Then the state of distribution gradually shifts to labor bias distribution,while the subjective fairness of income distribution is always in the state of capital-biased distribution.From the point of view in the fairness of provincial labor income distribution,the provinces show significant heterogeneity,and the main performance is that the labor-capital income distribution of the provinces in the eastern coastal belonging to economically developed regions is in a state of capital bias distribution,and the labor-capital income distribution in the central and western regions is labor-biased distribution status.From the perspective of the impact of the fairness of labor-capital income distribution on the intensity of R&D input in manufacturing,the objective fairness value of labor-capital income distribution of manufacturing enterprises has a significant inverted U-shaped relationship with the R&D intensity of enterprises,and the inflection point of its inverted U-shaped relationship The value is greater than 1,indicating that in order to improve the R&D intensity of China's manufacturing enterprises,it is possible to allow the internal labor income distribution of manufacturing enterprises to have a certain degree of capital bias distribution.However,if the labor income distribution is over-capitalized,it will weaken the R&D innovation input intensity of manufacturing enterprises.This chapter provides theoretical and empirical evidence for shaping the rational internal labor-capital income distribution pattern from the perspective of R&D innovation of manufacturing enterprises.In addition to the above two internal factors affecting R&D input of manufacturing enterprises,China has implemented R&D subsidy policies on a large scale since the establishment of "innovative countries" in 2006.Therefore,R&D subsidy policies are also the key factor affecting R&D input of manufacturing enterprises.However,from the existing literature,most of the literature focuses on the evaluation of the policy effects of R&D subsidy policies and the strategic R&D innovations of manufacturing companies to obtain R&D subsidies(An Tongliang et al.,2009;Li Wenjing,Zheng Manni,2016)There is no research on how to use R&D subsidies strategically by manufacturing companies after receiving R&D subsidies.Therefore,in the fifth chapter,in this paper,we use the R&D subsidy incidents for various types of enterprises that have been frequently exposed in recent years.By constructing mathematical models and empirical measurement models,we analyze and verify from the theoretical and empirical aspects that enterprises have incentives to use R&D subsidies.At the same time,under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged,the more abundant the company's own funds,the higher the expected rate of return on non-subsidized projects and the greater the proportion of government subsidies,the proportion of corporate misappropriation of R&D subsidies will also increase.On the contrary,it will be reduced.When the R&D subsidy policy and the tax preferential policy are implemented at the same time,the tax preferential policy will weaken the government's enthusiasm for supervision of the enterprise,and it is easier to form a conspiracy between the government and the enterprise,thereby increasing the possibility of the company diverting the R&D subsidy and weakening the R&D subsidy policy for the enterprise's innovation activities incentives.When considering the response of the direct financing market and the indirect financing market to the results of corporate behavior,and maintaining a long-term repeated game relationship between the government and the enterprise,it will weaken the motives of the company's misappropriation of R&D subsidies.The above research conclusions provide theoretical basis and empirical support for the standardized implementation of China's future R&D subsidy policy and the effective supervision of subsidized manufacturing enterprises to rationally regulate the use of R&D subsidies and enhance the incentive effect of R&D subsidies.It can be seen from the previous study that there are various forms of strategic behaviors in China's manufacturing enterprises in terms of R&D investment,and the government's R&D subsidies and other interventions and influencing factors will have an impact on the R&D investment of enterprises.Therefore,the individual of micro-manufacturing enterprises It is very likely that the R&D investment decision-making and the national level of R&D innovation factor input level and allocation efficiency formed at the national level are not in an optimal state.And in the context of the current deepening supply-side structural reforms,the structural allocation efficiency of R&D elements deserves further study.Therefore,in the sixth chapter,this paper measures the degree of various structural distortions of China's innovation factors.The study finds that the innovation resources misallocation among industry's is the most serious,which led to an innovation efficiency and output loss of 19.19%in 2015,followed by the innovative resource mismatch among different regions,which led to a loss of innovation efficiency and output of 17.4%in 2015,and such mismatches are mainly due to excessive resource investment in the northeast and northwest regions,while the southeast and southwest regions are relatively insufficient.Secondly,the ownership structure Mismatch,in the case of serious over-investment in innovation resources in the state sector,it leads to innovation efficiency and output loss of 6.56%,Finally,the mismatch between high-tech industry and non-high-tech industry,which leads to innovation efficiency and output loss of 0.53%,while the resources investment in high-tech industries is still relatively insufficient,especially in the medical equipment manufacturing industry.Further analysis found that the four types of structural mismatches show a serious situation in which the developmental material capital mismatch is more serious than the research and development human capital mismatch.Then,based on the comparative analysis of the traditional production factors and the efficiency of the allocation of innovative elements,through the use of the double difference method,using the manufacturing production and innovation data of the"Eleventh Five-Year Plan"and the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period from 2006 to 2015,empirical evidence The paper analyzes the impact of China's key industry support policies on the innovation factor input and input efficiency of the key industries supporting the manufacturing industry.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The problem of mismatching of R&D factors among industries in China is more serious than the mismatch of production factors.However,compared with the continuous mitigation trend of the mismatch of R&D factors,the mismatch of production factors has a tendency to increase rapidly after 2011.Therefore,it is essential to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the role of industrial policy from the perspective of dual factors;(2)Industrial policy has increased the input of factors to support the industry,especially the input of research and development factors.Such support is more reflected in the state-owned sector,and the impact on the non-state sector is not significant;(3)By dividing the two factors of excessive and insufficient input of different industry elements,empirical analysis finds that the main performance of China's industrial policy in order to increase the excessive input of factors,while it has not alleviated the lack of input of factors,thus reducing the efficiency of China's innovation resource allocation. |
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