Travel Destination Tourist Safety: Net-chain Phenomenon、 Hoop-chain Management Structure And Mode Innovation

The tourist safety as the core of the tourism industry has attached great importance by the national and local government for a long time.In the new normal that China is entering a period of fast social transition and the tourism consumption demand is upgrading,the tourist security incidents originated from the tourists themselves and destination environment are increasingly complex.The tourist safety management highlighted the complexity and difficulty,social comprehensive control effect is obvious.As the travel route is expanding from the “scenic spots to hotels” to the surrounding communitis gradually,the surrounding communities have to shoulder the duty on the tourists’ safety case disposal and security risk prevention and control.This paper takes the tourist safety of the small-scale tourists destination which concludes the scenic area and the surrounding community as the research proposition.In this study,a comprehensive analysis of the use of the qualitative research based on grounded theory method 、 statistical analysis and field survey method to systematically study the tourist safety of small-cale tourist destination.This study is divided into three phases: phenomenon study phase,theoretical research phase and case substantiate phase.Travel destination tourist safety cases present complex net-chain characteristics.The organization structure,the correlation between the main body and the plan system of the tourist safety management are closely related to the net-chain characteristics and government environment.(1)Filtering and coding the alert data of the eight cases from 2010 to 2014,analysing differences and comlexity of the tourists safety cases happened in different destinations that with the different tousist attractions,different level of openess and the different geographical environment.The tourist-safety-case causing factors including the four categories of man,machine,environment,management and 60 directly causing factors.The tourist safety cases which is generated by the random combination of various interpersonal factor happened in the process of unsafe condition of tourist coupling with the unsafe environment condition,human-human interaction,tourist-administrative committee gambling present the characteristics of net-chain phenomenon.Field sutdy showed that the small scale destination tourist safety management modes conclude the scenic area management committee dominated mode,the community dominated mode,the scenic area safety committee dominated mode,the outsourcing mode and the classification management mode.The five kinds of mode is quite different,but faced with the lack of horizontal collaboration between government departments,too much management responsibility that public security department undertaken,the low social participation in common.The "hoop chain structure" thinking is put forward to destination tourist safety management based on the analysis of the tourist safety phenomenon.Because of the tourists’ safety security case disposal and risk prevention and control,the primary destination safety management system structure is evovled into "hoop chain structure",through the organization operation chain adjustment,the lateral chain structures between main bodies,the vertical chain generated between management subject and tourists,the lateral chain structures generated between the main bodies of cross-regional/administrative levels.This study defines and discusses the basic concepts such as principal-factor,chain structure,hoop structure,hoop-chain structure.The five modes are highly dependent on the public security department’s vertical single and vertical chain structure to deal with the tourist safety cases.And the horizontal chain structure and reticular structure which is formed through the tourist risk prevention planning system is instability in common.The paper puts forward the method for optimizing the tourist safey management structure which is based on PDCA closed-loop process.The use of “hoop-chain structure” theory in the tourist safety management mainly from two aspects: First,choosing the Hui’An Chongwu as the case to analyse the hoop-chain structure differences before and after the implementation of the "policing and tourism convergence " mode.The Chongwu Mode has added the variety of organizational modes in the process of hierarchical organizations and network “shaking hands”.But there are still some problems,such as lack of primary driving force,dissecting the barriers,lack of evaluation system,etc.Second,Learning from the advanced experience,the paper proposed the tourism-oriented policing mode which is optimized the Chongwu Mode’s sets of chain structure from two aspects of organization structure and operation mechanism.The achieved innovation of this paper’s work includes five aspects: Firstly,this study takes the scenic spot and the surrounding community as a whole,expand the research category of small scale destination tourist safety management;Secondly,this study chooses a large number of second-hand data from the police stations of different destinations as data base,presents the full and accurate research about the space-time differences and complex net-chain characteristics of tourist safety cases;Thirdly,constructed the ‘hoop-chain structure’ of destination tourist safey management on the basis of analysis of the phenomenon of tourists;Fourthly,summarized the five kinds of small scale destination tourist safety management mode;Fifthly,built a destination tourism policing mode applicable to small scale tourist destination.