Study Of Zhang Zhidong's Economic Thought

Zhang Zhidong is a master of the Westernization movement.In practice,he initiated the foreign Chinese westernization situation.In theory,he put forward the whole idea of reform "mechanism of the west used by China".In addition,Zhang Zhidong deeply influences the Qing government's domestic and foreign affairs.The study of Zhang Zhidong is beneficial to the understanding of Westernization movement,Chinese modernization,and the change of Chinese society and ideological trend.Summing up Zhang Zhidong's economic activities is beneficial to our current reform and opening-up career in which lessons learned.The study of Zhang Zhidong's economic thought helps us to understand the development of the History of Economic Thought in Modern China.The first chapter examines the cultural basis of Zhang Zhidong's economic thought-"Chinese Learning as the Fundamental Structure,Western Learningfor Practical Use"cultural view;Zhang Zhidong insists on " Chinese Learning as the Fundamental Structure"and praises Confucianism as the core of Chinese mechanism,paying special attention to upholding Confucianism and the feudal political system based on it.There is a gradual understanding of Zhang Zhidong's Western learning.Zhang Zhidong will study Western Learning Limited in the category of material civilization and a little "protection of the business",which shows a free and uncertain to study the West political civilization.Chapter two examines Zhang Zhidong's view of government and commercial interest.Zhang Zhidong's view on business rights according to the characteristics of the industry is broadly diviede into three categories:one is advocating retention of ficial power control in relation to the livelihood of the industry.The ideal model of Zhang Zhidong in these industries is state-run;when the government is not enough or the Qing administration is unwilling to use the official coins,he advocates the commercial.When discovering that the whole-use business unit is official power unable to obtain the control right,he advocates the government and the businessmen jointly,and put emphasis on official power control.The second one is category is in need of a large number of early investment,investment risk,and private capital not enthusiastic industry advocate commercial,official help commercial,emphasizing the "openatmosphere",highlighting the support and guidance of the official force.The three categories are encouraging commercial in the ordinary sectors where private investment is enthusiastic.Chapter Three studies the foreign economic thought of Zhang Zhidong.Zhang Zhidong believes that foreign investment in China to set up a factory is beneficial to Chinese,and advocates borrowing foreign debt and paying attention to safeguarding China's political and economic modernized.On the one hand,Zhang Zhidong has taken measures to protect China's rights in the trading port,on the other hand,to take the initiative from open commercial ports.Zhang Zhidong recognized the important position of the business war,restricted foreign interests in China,and advocated the establishment of industry to "plug the leakage of Zhiyan",the specific practice is to make the export of goods to a wide range,counterfeit imports to increase export.The Fourth Chapter examines Zhang Zhidong's idea of fiscal tax.After the Sino-French War,Zhang Zhidong gradually broke through the tradition,reorganized the tax institution,reformed the old tax collection,introduced various new taxes,and also dug all kinds of feudal service,opened Postal Service,opened the SGD,managed the land by the official,managed the enterprises to realize the capital accumulation,and prepared the capital for the Zhang Zhidong stressed the role of tax in promoting the economy,and its fiscal tax thought advocated by the Government to raise huge sums of money,do great things,but also have the characteristics of anti-amassing.He advocated safeguarding China's financial rights and safeguarding local financial rights.The financial income and expenditure were confused by the limitations of the times and his level of understanding.Zhang Zhidong has also shown a wealth of fiscal tax thoughts in the business negotiations with various countries after the incident of GengZi.The fifth chapter examines Zhang Zhidong's monetary thought.Zhang Zhidong's monetary thought is in the solution of real currency problems.Under the influence of the work experience and the currency problem,Zhang Zhidong's monetary thought development is divided into three stages,Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi period,themonetary thought after the governors and the Guangdong-Guangxi period,governor hunan-hubei to participate in determining the currency before the discussion and the monetary thought after the Qing government decided to discuss the national currency.On the whole,Zhang Zhidong's monetary thought is more practical in the early stage,which is more in favor of the monetary theory,and there is a focus on the local currency problem and the change of the national currency.The sixth chapter examines Zhang Zhidong's economic thought's historical position and contemporary revelation.Zhang Zhidong's economic thought shows the transitional,complex and changeable,strong patriotic enthusiasm,highlighting the educational role,relatively radical characteristics.Zhang Zhidong promoted the development of China's modern economy.Its main contribution embodies in the establishment of modern industrial industry,promoted the development of modern transportation,promoted the modernization of Hubei area and so on.Zhang Zhidong promoted the exchange of Chinese and Western culture,advanced economic ideas beyond the same era,promoted the awakening of China's national consciousness and influenced the development of Chinese modern economic thought.