Energy-Efficient Target Tracking Based On UWSNs

Underwater target tracking is an indispensable part of the modern marine defense system,and it is also one of the key technologies for the maintenance of marine rights and interests.The underwater target tracking technology based on Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks(UWSNs)has become a new research hotspot with its advantages of wide coverage,long observation time,and real-time information fusion.However,the underwater sensor nodes are usually powered by batteries.Due to the complexity of the underwater environment,it is impractical to replace the batteries when energy exhausted.That means the batteries life affecting the lifetime of whole networks.Thus,How to improve the energy efficiency becomes the main problem in underwater target tracking based on UWSNs.In order to overcome this problem,this paper improves the energy efficiency step by step from several aspects such as sensor selection,adaptive sampling interval,artificial measurement,quantitative measurement,and node position prediction of mobile networks.Overall,the main contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:First of all,for the purpose of reducing the energy waste caused by the excessive number of sensors participating in the tracking task and the high sampling frequency,this paper presents an energy-efficient target tracking method based on sensor selection and variable sampling inter-val.This method reduces the communication energy consumption of the network from the spatial and dimensions,respectively.In the space dimension,we only select best 4 sensors to partici-pate in the tracking task.In the temporal dimension,we propose an adaptive sampling interval algorithm.Secondly,for the purpose of reducing the energy waste caused by the transmission of low-value measurement information by sensors,this paper proposes an energy-efficient target tracking algorithm based on artificial measurement.For some low value measurements,sensors should not send these information to the fusion center.In order to guarantee the target tracking performance,the fusion center generates the same number of artificial measurements to compen-sate the unsent real measurements at local sensors.Thirdly,for the purpose of reducing the energy waste and bandwidth waste caused by too much data transmitted by sensors,this paper proposes an energy-efficient target tracking algorithm based on the optimal quantization.In order to guarantee the target tracking performance,this paper proposes an optimal quantization-based target tracking scheme.It improves the tracking performance of low-bit quantized measurements by minimiz-ing the additional covariance caused by quantization.Finally,for the purpose of reducing the energy waste caused by frequent localization of mobile UWSNs sensors,this paper proposes an energy-efficient target tracking algorithm based on sensor mobility prediction.In order to reduce the energy cost in the process of sensor localization for target tracking in mobile UWSNs,this pa-per proposes a high-precision localization with mobility prediction(HLMP)algorithm to acquire relatively accurate sensor location estimates.Further,this paper also presents a simultaneous lo-calization and target tracking(SLAT)algorithm to update sensor locations based on measurements during the process of target tracking.Overall,this paper addresses the issue of energy-efficient target tracking via UWSNs.Com-plete theoretical results are obtained to improve the energy-efficiency from multiple perspectives,which provide theoretical support for the development of target tracking technology via UWSNs.