Research On Theories Of Compilation Of Physical Education And Health Textbooks During The Stage Of Compulsory Education

Physical Education and Health textbook was compiliated according to the standards of Physical Education and Health curriculum to reflect the contents of the Physical Education and Health subject.It was the important part of Physical Education curriculum and teaching,and had significant value for students to acquire sports skills and health education knowledge.The first establishment of policy related to the construction of textbooks at the national level provided an opportunity for the development of Physical Education and Health textbooks since the document “Opinions about Strengthening and Improving the Construction of Teaching Materials for Schools of Basic and Higher Education under the New Situation” was adopted by the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau in August,2016.In particular,the reform of Physical Education and Health curriculum under the background of students' core literacy development had promoted the development of a new round of Physical Education and Health textbooks compilation.There were still some problems needed to be solved about Physical Education and Health textbooks,for example,the using of textbooks in teaching practice was not very optimistic,the static paper textbooks were unable to meet the reading and learning needs of modern students under the situation of the rapid development of information technology,and most editors compiled textbooks without the guiding of systematic theoratical framework.Consequently,the important issues that how to improve the quality of Physical Education and Health textbooks and how to make textbooks more in line with students' learning needs by means of information technology were widely concerned by scholars in the feild.This study aimed to explore and construct a theoretical framework for guiding the compilation practice of Physical Education and Health textbooks based on all of above thoughts,and then explore the developing methods and process of combining the Augmented Reality(AR)technology into textbooks,which would provide theoretical reference for the compilation of Physical Education and Health textbooks under the background of new era.The researcher had mainly applied study methods of literature review,comparative analysis,content analysis,and interview during the research process.Firstly,on the basis of analyzing the concept of Physical Education and Health textbook and combing the research progress about domestic Physical Education and Health textbooks,researcher proposed to construct theoretical framework of textbook compilation from six aspects: related theoretical basis,guiding ideas,framework structure,content selection,content presentation and AR technology integration.Secondly,researcher explored the enlightenment of the classical theoretical viewpoints in the fields of Education,Psychology and Sports Hygiene to the compilation of textbooks,and analyzed the requirements of the core literacy concepts and the standards of Physical Education and Health curriculum to the compilation of textbooks.Thirdly,researcher compared the characteristics of three versions of Physical Education and Health textbooks from three aspects of framework,content selection and content presentation,at the same time learned the excellent experience of American physical education textbook.Finally,researcher systematically analyzed the research progress of the integration of textbooks and AR technology in the international field,and then explored the development processes of AR Physical Education and Health textbooks.Researcher studied from six aspeccts of theoretical framework based on the above research ideas,the conclusions are as follows:1.The role of classical theory viewpoints in the field of Education,Psychology,Physical Education and Hygiene to the compiliation of Physical Education and Health textbooks.The theoretical basis included Taylor's principle,knowledge structure teaching theory,discovery learning method,constructivist learning theory of the field of Education,cognitive development theory,cognitive assimilation theory,multimedia learning theory of the field Cognitive Psychology,characteristics and sensitive period of physical fitness development,classification and development model of motor skills of the field Physical Education and Hygiene.These theoretical viewpoints have important guiding value to the aspects of textbooks compiling ideas and concepts,content selection and presentation.2.The characteristics of Physical Education and Health textbooks under the guidance of the core literacy concept.Each version of the textbook should form its own distinct concept,features and functions;Compilation of textbook should conform to the growth rules and characteristics of students' body,mentality,cognitive,physical fitness and motor skills;The framework structure construction should take into account the subject knowledge structure and the development of students' cognitive process of learning or reading;Compilation of textbook should choose the contents which had the dual values of discipline and core literacy development,and mine methodological and valuable knowledge;Content presentation should be problem-oriented,connected with students' life and experience,integrated with digital information technology,and concerned openness,procedural and situational features.3.The framework and structure that can be referenced during the process of Physical Education and Health textbooks compilation.Framework building included three systems: learning assistance system,core system and aiding system.The editors' careful design of the knowledge structure and learning ideas was contained in the chapter and section headings.There were three representative structures: the structural features of sports items category as the main line,developing students' comprehensive sports skills as the main line and the physical activity pyramid and health-related fitness as the main line.4.The characteristics and principles of content selection when compiliating textbooks of Physical Education and Health.The content of conventional sports skills and health knowledge,the content of outdoor survival and adventure to cultivate students' adaptability to various natural and social environments,the content of dance or performance for cultivating students' expression ability and the content for developing students' critical and creative thinking skills should be paid attention when selecting content during the process of compiling Physical Education and Health textbooks.Paid attention to the independence and connection of contents between the sections,fundamental motor skills were the main learning content with game elements on the stage of primary school,the junior high school stage emphasized on applying motor skills into the game and competition,then grasped sports strategies and concepts in various situations.The principles for content selecting: combined local tradition and international experiences based on the standard of Physical Education and Health curriculum;paid attention to the contents that were scientific and life-oriented;gave expression to the relationship between “sports” and “health” knowledge;analyzed and mined the methodological and value knowledge;pursued the integration and migration of interdisciplinary contents;strengthened the guidance and penetration of scientific research results of the subject field.5.The four aspects that need to be emphasized about content presentation of Physical Education and Health textbooks.The function analyzing,type selection and quantity allocation of the charts in textbooks were important.Paid attention to the choosing of name and form,and function analyzing of the columns in textbooks.Emphasized on the content selection,formal design and function analysis of the extracurricular practices and evaluations in textbooks.Attached importance to the way of expression,narrative perspective,and words using in literal expression.6.The process of compiling and developing Augmented Reality textbooks of Physical Education and Health.Identified the knowledge related to sports items that need to be included in textbooks;Analyzed content and presentation of the textbooks deeply based on integrating the elements of theoretical foundation and the core literacy;Designed the steps of developing the Augmented Reality technology application from the aspects of selecting the cloud service,hardware platform and operating system,choosing Augmented Reality Software Development Kit,clarifying the interaction mode and tracking registration technology and creating the virtual content repository.The expected effect of the mobile AR application of sports items learning: firstly,launched the AR application on the mobile phone or tablet;virtual digital resources were superimposed on the screen when the camera scans the mark in the textbook;secondly,students could operate and interact with the virtual resources,and enjoyed the three-dimensional,vivid and interesting learning contents.