Research On University Governance In Ukraine After Independence

As one of the former Soviet Union’s republics,Ukraine became independent after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.After the independence of Ukraine,the Ukrainian government began reforming higher education and achieved remarkable results in university governance.In recent years,under the advocacy of the "Belt and Road" thinking,the exchanges between China and Ukraine have become increasingly frequent,and the people of the two countries have also traveled to each other’s countries to receive higher education.The exchanges in the field of higher education are very intense.Although the establishment of Ukrainian universities and the management of credits are quite different from those of Chinese universities,there are some similarities between the two countries in the establishment of the university system.For example,both countries mainly have public universities,and private universities are supplemented by the development of the university system.This paper attempts to study Ukrainian university governance structure;summarize the experience of the success or failure of Ukrainian university reform and university governance,and thus provide some new ideas and new methods for China’s university reform and development;university governance.The paper is divided into the following five chapters:The first chapter is the introduction.It mainly introduces the reasons and significance of the topic selection and summarizes the status quo and trends of the research at home and abroad.Finally,it points out research objectives and research methods.Western countries have begun to study the issue of university governance earlier,and have reached a considerable breadth and depth in those studies.China’s research on university governance started relatively late compared with the West,and theoretical research results are in the developmental stage.The second chapter mainly analyzes the background of Ukrainian university governance.After the independence of Ukraine in 1991,a series of changes were made in politics,culture and economy.Under the state’s political power,Ukraine has become a democratic society and a country ruled by law.With the recognition of world-recognized cultural values,the relationship between the church and the state has also changed to restore religious culture.On the economic front,when Ukraine had just become independent,there was an economic crisis until 2010.Ukraine has completely changed the economic processes and the domestic market has developed rapidly.In this era of political and economic independence,Ukraine inherited the developed and extensive higher education system of the Soviet Union,that had been developed under the guidance of the centrally planned economy,and established a university system and a higher education system.The main results of the transformation of the education system are:the introduction of talents with higher education diplomas;the termination of the ideology of higher education,the elimination of the characteristics of communist ideology from educational institutions.Yet many unresolved issues were left,so the development of higher education puts forward humanitarian new perspectives;talent development focuses on economists,lawyers,managers,sociologists,psychologists,and linguists,while increasing expert training in different directions;promoting the diversification of funding sources for higher education.The third chapter mainly discusses the institutional basis of Ukrainian university governance.According to Article 12 of the Ukrainian law Higher Education,the most widely used institutions of higher education in the higher education system are:(1)Ukrainian Verhovna Rada;(2)Ukrainian Cabinet;(3)Education and Science Central Executive Agency(currently the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine);(4)Departmental government agencies affiliated with higher education institutions;(5)Territorial authorities,local self-governing institutions,higher education institutions in the field of management;(6)Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences as the founder of higher education institutions;(7)Public autonomous institutions in higher education and science;(8)National Higher Education Quality Assurance Agency.They each exercise different powers and have an important impact on Ukrainian education.Among them,the National Higher Education Quality Assurance Agency is a permanent collegiate body with the right to implement national policies in the field of quality assurance in higher education.In addition,the market of Ukrainian education services has created a situation in which private and national educational institutions work in the same market.The fundamental difference between public and private universities is the difference in their owners.Public universities belong to the state and are funded by the state;private universities are invested in by private or private institutions.The fourth chapter analyzes the governance structure within Ukrainian universities.The National University of Kiev named after Taras Shevchenko(abbreviation:Shevchenko University)is a national higher education institution in Ukraine.The structure of Shevchenko University is divided into colleges and universities,laboratories(education,science,metrology centers,etc.),departmental offices,museums,nursing homes,health centers and sports centers,dedicated to achieving the social goals of Ukraine.The Inter-Regional Personnel Management Institute(IAPM)was established in Kiev in 1989 as a private higher education institution with professional management and business relations.IAPM(MAUP)is the largest economic and humanities school in Ukraine.The college has a presidential university(Kiev),Ukrainian University(more than 40 subsidiaries in Ukraine)and the International Open University(International Education Institute,Open Education Center,Kiev Internet Foreign Criminal Law Association).The organization and public representation of the educational process of the college is mainly provided by the principal,the vice president,the director of the institute,and the head of the independent agency.Being leaders of private universities,their powers,duties,and responsibilities must strictly comply with the Higher Education Act,college regulations,and other legislative acts.The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the external governance structure of Ukrainian universities.The external governance of the University of Ukraine relies mainly on government and society.As the highest executive body of each state,the government is also the highest institution of university management,giving more support to university education in both legislation and finance.The government is the basis for the implementation of educational legislation and education policies,providing social,economic and legal guarantees for university education.