| Physical activity of human was originated from ancient times and played a crucial role in the development of human history.Domestic society has already noticed the positive impact of physical activities on academic achievement.However,enthusiasm for physical activities is often misunderstood by parents as a sign of despising studying due to various factors and sport’s long-term neglected position in China.In recent years,the deterioration of physical health of Chinese students has received great attention.Teenage students are confronted with weak volition,lack of social interaction,unsociability,inadequate vitality,depression,anxiety,and other unhealthy psychological tendencies in daily learning.Many factors have led to this situation.Among them is the unhealthy lifestyle featuring showing no interest in physical activity and sedentariness,which will also increase students’ obesity rate,the incidence of diabetes,blood pressure,self-abasement and last but not least,the risk of certain types of cancers.It is widely acknowledged that moderate physical activity can cause positive impacts on the improvement of academic achievement.Only focusing on academic achievement and at the same time turning a blind eye to physical activity is absolutely harmful to the health of adolescent students.However,in previous studies,defects such as stale data,incomplete experimental methods,and superficial content do exist.Other researches focus merely on physiology and psychology rather than in-depth studies in the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement.Therefore,this study aims at the potential intervening variable between physical activity and academic achievement by thorough studies of the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement of primary and secondary school students at home and abroad.It further verifies the practical impact caused by physical activity and academic achievement under the function of intervening variable in order to eliminate the public’s bias against physical activity and emphasize the importance of physical activity.Afterwards,it will be used to push forward the reform of school education,fully implement the education policy put forward by CCP,and promote the all-round development of students.This research mainly adopts the methods of literature,questionnaire,interview,logical analysis,experimental research and mathematical statistics in order to conduct the large sample size survey of the physical activity and academic achievement of primary and secondary school students of different study levels in Shanghai.First,it surveyed students of grade 2 to grade 5 in 15 elementary schools,of grade 7 to grade 9 in junior high schools and of grade 1 to grade 3 in senior high schools(totaled 7,092 students)with the combination of whole group and stratified sampling.After the elimination of invalid data,the research finally input and analyze the data of 6370 students,of which 1594(25.0%)were primary schools’ students,2922(45.9%)were junior high schools’ students,and 1854(29.1%)were senior high schools’ students;and of which 3246(51.0%)were boys and 3124(49.0%)were girls.It reveals the relationship between students’ physical condition and academic situation in each study level in order to grasp the basic information of students’ parental education level,as well as students’ general physical habits and favorite sports items,which,finally,explores the relationship between students’ physical activity and academic achievement.Then,further experimental study was conducted.In the experimental schools,1412 students from grade 3 in primary school,grade 2 in junior high school and grade 2 in senior high school were selected as objects of the study.After the elimination of invalid data,the research finally input and analyze the data of 1,365 students,of which 572(41.9%)were students from grade 3 in primary school,494(36.1%)were from grade 2 in junior high school,and 299(22.0%)were from grade 2 in senior high school.Based on the time of participating in the moderate and vigorous physical activity(MVPA),body mass index(BMI),aerobic fitness,stress conditions,ability of self-regulation,feature and rule of various types of attention assigned to different genders and phase of learning,it is supposed to explore various impact caused by physical activity on academic achievement under the function of intervening variable.At the same time,it uses the regression equation and the structural equation model to verify the independence and stability of potential variables between students’ body level and academic achievement and by identifying whether these factors show specificity in different study levels and age to further explore the relationship between the various factors and students’ academic achievement,and verify that physical activity has positive effect on academic achievement under the function of intervening variable.As for the research tools,this research introduces the accelerometer,scientifically and effectively measures the condition of physical activity of students.In terms of scale,our country did not have standardized scales specifically used in the study of relationship between physical activity and academic achievement.To fill the gap,this research compiles specially a self-report scale to measure the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement.The scale demands the respondents to answer the questions according to their physical activity and academic achievement.And it can help to know the students’ participation in physical activities and academic study habits,etc.,to explore the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement,and to lay a solid foundation for the subsequent research.At the same time,this research also revised the scale of the capacity of memories of 3 days’ physical activity,and adopted related scales widely authorized at home and abroad to measure students’ physical activity,academic situation,the distribution of concentration,selfregulation level and physical fitness from multiple dimensions,which provides this study a set of objective and scientific research tool that is suitable for Chinese students and lays foundation for the integrity and scientificity of the data.The data obtained in this study were processed and analyzed through large statistical software SPSS24.0 and AMOS22.0.The following results were obtained:1.Designed and revised the investigation tool that is suitable for studying the students’ physical activity’s impact on academic achievement under the function of intervening variable in China.The research designed and revised the scale of the relationship between physical activity and the scale of the capacity of memories of 3 days’ physical activity.Through the test of reliability and validity,these scales can become effective research tool that is used to measure the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement of Chinese students of various age groups,and to measure the students’ physical activity on weekend.2.Specified the relationship between students’ physical activity and academic achievement in every study level.(1)In terms of the number of physical activities on a weekly basis,differences exist between male and female students for every study level.In different study levels,the proportion of middle school students(male or female)who participate in physical activities 4 times a week or more is significantly higher than the proportion of the primary and high school students.In terms of the time duration of the students to participate in physical activities every time,students of every study level(male or female)mainly participate in physical activities in the 20 ~ 40 minutes,and in terms of the amount of activities that students of every study level(male or female)participating in physical activities every time,the percentage of the amount that reaches the level of above average is over 70 percent.And as the growth of the age,the percentage would also increase.(2)Swimming and badminton are widely welcomed by students of every study level(male and female).Basketball and running are respectively boys’ and girls’ favorite projects.Besides,both male and female students in primary,middle and high schools hold the idea that physical activities have the most effective influence on the study of Chinese,math and English.(3)Long time duration of studying(or homework)may not be equal to better academic achievements.At the same time,the length of sleep and the activities before bedtime,including homework,interest activities,etc.,will affect students’ academic achievements to varying extents.However,on the premise of ensuring a certain amount of learning,the sleeping time will positively affect students’ academic achievements.(4)More physical activities have positive effect on the overall scores and achievements of major subjects of primary and middle school students.At the same time,the times of middle school students participating in physical activities have a positive influence on politics achievements.The amount of physical activities doesn’t have a significant effect on students’ overall scores,but it had a positive effect on the physics achievements of high school students.3.Constructed a structural model of the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement of male and female students in every study level.(1)Participating physical activity(MVPA)can help male students of grade 3 in primary school to promote their selective attention and aerobic fitness directly or indirectly,and accordingly improve the academic achievements(branch grades of Chinese,math and English and total achievements).At the same time,the average time that male students of grade 3 in primary school reach MVPA everyday on weekend can effectively influence the average time that they reach MVPA everyday from Monday to Friday.Participating physical activity can help female students of grade 3 in primary school to promote their selective attention and aerobic fitness,and accordingly improve the academic achievements.(2)Participating physical activity can help male students of grade 2 in junior high school to promote their selective attention and aerobic fitness,and accordingly improve the academic achievements.Participating physical activity can help female students of grade 2 in junior high school to promote their selective attention and aerobic fitness,and accordingly improve the academic achievements.At the same time,the longer the average time that they reach MVPA everyday on weekend,the greater their academic achievements will be.(3)The longer the average time that male students of grade 2 in senior high school reach MVPA everyday from Monday to Friday,the greater their academic achievements will be.At the same time,their average time reaching MVPA everyday from Monday to Friday can also promote their improvement of aerobic fitness and accordingly improve their academic achievements.Besides,the study found that though the average time reaching MVPA from Monday to Friday could effectively affect the pressure level,the increase in pressure caused the decline of their academic achievements.The average time that female students of grade 2 in senior high school reach MVPA everyday from Monday to Friday could directly and indirectly promote aerobic fitness and accordingly improve the academic achievements. |
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