Become A Researcher:the Formation Of Competency Of Doctoral Students In Science

Promoting doctoral students' academic innovation ability and education quality is the core theme of Chinese doctoral education for a long period of time.Cultivating outstanding researchers,as the current priority of the doctoral education reform,has received the attention from both the relevant government departments and a great many researchers.Therefore,many practitioners and researchers focus on the doctoral recruitment,the selection mechanism,the shunt elimination system and the reform of the training system that promotes scientific performance as a quality indicator.However,is the reform of the training system beneficial to the cultivation of doctoral students? Or can the existing system reform effectively help doctoral students grow from students to outstanding researchers?Based on the consideration above,this study transforms the perspective and focuses on a more basic issue,namely the process of cultivating the researchers' competency during the doctoral education stage.Focusing on this topic,this study explores the following specific issues: first of all,what changes have been made in the requirements of academic scientists' competency under the background of the transformation of modern scientific research mode and the change of organization mode? Secondly,what are the ways to cultivate the competency of the excellent researchers at the stage of doctoral education? Furthermore,what's the process of cultivating the competency of the doctoral candidates of science? What are the characteristics of the competencies that have been trained at different stages? Fourthly,what are the existing problems in the cultivation of the competency of researchers for science doctoral candidates in China? Finally,from the perspective of the growth of doctoral candidates' competency,what should be done to improve and adjust the existing doctoral training system?In response to the above problems,the study first uses the historical research methods to outline the formation of modern scientific researchers as a professionalcareer,and to clarify the professionalism,working characteristics and development trend of researchers.Second,the study establishes a source database of researchers' competency indicators and constructs the framework about doctoral research competency.Then,this research establishes the doctoral education course database of the Nobel Prize winners to explore the form of the competency of the outstanding researchers.Fourth,the mixed research method is used to build the model of the socialization process of doctoral candidates in accordance with the characteristics of Chinese education.Fifth,it develops the survey tools for researchers' competency development,and analyzes the current competency preparation situation and supportive conditions of the science doctoral candidates.Finally,it explores the logic and path of the competency development of the researchers at the stage of doctoral education.This study draws the following conclusions: First,the reforms of modern University of German and American have facilitated the professionalization of researchers.The training mode of modern researchers has been transformed from German apprenticeship to American structured training system,and then to modern cooperative training mode.Second,the competency of doctoral candidates should include four aspects: academic interest and morality,subject knowledge and method skills,scientific thinking and research ability,and research cooperation and management capabilities.Among them,the competencies,such as social responsibility,knowledge breadth,interdisciplinary research,international communication,teamwork and the ability to build academic networks,are increasingly important in modern scientific research.Third,the cultivation of researchers is the self-identification process of the doctoral students' scientific competence at the core of the breeding of research ideas.The academic socialization process of doctoral students is divided into four stages: specialization preparation,research lock-in,research liminality passage and self-verification.Among them,thestudy of the liminality period is the critical period for the development of doctoral students' scientific competence.The development of doctoral students' competency is both progressive and catastrophic,and there is a strong correlation between capabilities.Fourth,in terms of the development level of doctoral students' competency,it shows that academic ambitions are high,but the internal academic motivation is low;the knowledge depth and frontier are well mastered,but knowledge breadth,intellectual property knowledge,and academic English skills are still in short supply;the development of operational skills is acceptable is acceptable,but it has poor performance in cognitive ability and academic writing ability.Most of the doctoral students have good cooperation with their supervisor and other members,but they don't perform well in scientific research management and academic network construction.In terms of scientific research and training support for doctoral candidates,supervisors and other lab members provide active guidances,and the investment in hardware resources such as scientific research funds and equipment is relatively sufficient.But in the soft environment,there are many problems such as large team size,lack of advanced academic communication,lack of effective curriculum teaching,less opportunities for academic community participation,insufficient support for interdisciplinary research and so on.In order to promote the transition of doctoral candidates from students to researchers,the doctoral training institution should first pay attention to the pre-selection and process screening of doctoral students' academic interests.Secondly,it is suggested that the system of laboratory rotation should be carried out to improve the matching degree between doctoral students and supervisors,and the research direction of the laboratory;In addition,increasing the challenge of basic knowledge teaching and the proportion of methodology courses;Fourth,to design the academic training sessions coordinated with "high difficulty and high support" Fifthly,it should pay attention to the critical period of doctoral competency development and providetargeted supports.Finally,strengthen academic exchanges and create a healthy,strong academic atmosphere in the laboratory.