Reflections On The Moral Education Of "The Pattern Of External Persuasion" In Contemporary China

"Virtue" and "conscience" are two concepts in themselves.By Aristotle's theory of virtue,virtuous self-consciousness expresses more profound meanings itself.Aristotle emphasized the consciousness of virtue in the Ethika Nikomachea.He believed that virtue is guided by the correct reason and golden mean of voluntary choice.Virtue is the process by which people make their own legislation fundamentally.Only in the field of morality can a man be an ontological status and a free existence.Teleology is the logical entrance of Aristotle's theory of virtuous self-consciousness.He put forward the purpose of virtue to achieve the state of happiness explicitly.Judging from the universality and generality of virtuous self-consciousness,the self-expression of virtue itself is a kind of concern for reality,at the same time it will eventually surpass all the forms of reality and phenomenon.Virtuous consciousness,as a kind of specific value rule,reflects the people's reflection and pursuit of their own virtuous activities.It is also the process of making the connotation of human nature tend to be continuously improved.Virtuous consciousness has an important value for the improvement of human nature.The relationship between subject and object involved in virtuous consciousness is not only the relationship between people and things,but also has a deeper relationship between people.It contains the coordinated relationship between individuals and society.The practice based on virtuous conscientiousness,while transforming the main actors,is also transforming the relationship between people and society.The realization of virtue attains the fulfillment of a virtuous act and the externalization of virtue,this process is not simple but long and difficult.Simple cognition of virtue and kindness cannot simply and directly achieve good actions.This requires that individuals,in constant practice of virtue,benevolent to understand and accept the concept of virtue and kindness.At present,the moral education in our country is affected by the traditional moral education,the lack of moral belief and the instrumental reasoning expansion,which makes our moral education appear as "the pattern of external persuasive" moral education.This paper based on the current dilemma of moral education in our country,criticizes the moral education of "the pattern of external persuasion" and probes into and studies the morality from two aspects: first,it is to make a concrete analysis of Aristotle's question of virtuous self-consciousness.Mainly based on the essence of logos,the nature of virtue and the nature of golden mean proposed by Aristotle,this paper extends the theoretical nature of Aristotle's virtue and the unity of knowing and doing.From the perspective of theoretical construction,the paper analyzes and studies the virtue,at the same time it studies the self-awareness of the morality from the academic level,and probes into the rationality,possibility and necessity of moral self-existence.Secondly,from the theoretical perspective of Aristotle,the paper finds the answer to overcome the "the pattern of external persuasion" moral education and finds a path for the construction of Chinese moral education according to Aristotle's theory of virtuous self-consciousness.Generally speaking,people did not go deep into the research on the developmental mechanisms and the ways of formation of virtuous self-awareness,and most of them are concentrated on the former level and the research is relatively scattered.Based on the previous research on the essence of moral self-study,this paper intends to systematically study Aristotle's theory of virtuous self-consciousness,probing deeply into the formation and developmental mechanism of individual self-consciousness and basic laws.On this basis,it explores the realistic path of self-cultivation of virtue and criticizes the moral education of "the pattern of external persuasion" to provide some theoretical support and practical strategies for the current construction of moral culture and moral education.At present,the moral education in our country is affected by the traditional moral education,the lack of moral belief and the instrumental reasoning expansion,which makes our moral education appear as "the pattern of external persuasive" moral education.Although "the pattern of extrinsic persuasion" moral education is reasonable to some degree,the moral education based solely on "extrinsic persuasion" has low effectiveness and cannot form moral consciousness,which leads many problems and difficulties to the existence of moral education in our country.Based on Aristotle's rational laws of human nature and virtue,practical wisdom,fraternity,principle of golden mean and theory of happiness,this paper discusses the feasibility by using Aristotle's theory to surpass "the pattern of external persuasive" moral education.The study of theory is for better practice.The conscious analysis of Aristotle's morality is an active response to the demand of the theory and reality.The purpose of this study is to form a virtuous self-awareness and deepen the development of moral self-confidence of socialism in the new era.In the practical path of virtuous self-consciousness,we should update the educational concept and stimulate individual's self-consciousness;improve educators' traditional ways of moral education;enhance the practicality of moral education in daily or teaching activities;improve the possibility of moral education from the environmental point of view,and so on,in order to strengthen our ideological and moral construction.The main content of this paper is divided into five parts.The first part is Aristotle's "Theory of virtuous self-consciousness".It mainly explains the nature of the logos,the essence of virtue,and the essence of the principle of righteousness.In the second part is mainly about that Aristotle analyzed the practice of conscious self-awareness of the virtues,expounding the question of the conscious interpretation of morality,the possibility of virtuous self-consciousness,and the communicative knowledge of virtue;the third part is the dilemma of extrinsic persuasive moral education in China,mainly explains the causes,characteristics,and main problems of the formation of China's "external persuasion" moral education;the fourth part is the Aristotle's answer to transcend "external persuasive" moral education.The main contents of this paper are from five angles: following the combination of the rational laws of human nature and virtue,the combination of moral theory and practice,the reshaping of moral beliefs based on fraternal love theory,the theoretical guidance based on the principle of golden mean,and the moral outlook of happiness;the fifth part,based on the "moral consciousness" of moral education to achieve the path,mainly to update the concept of moral education,inspire virtuous self-consciousness,improving the moral education methods of educators,enhancing the practicality of moral education,and optimizing the moral education environment.