A Study Of Middle School Students' Collective Efficacy And Its Effects On Exercise Behavior

Perceived collective efficacy is defined as a group's shared belief in its ability to organize and execute the actions required to reach certain levels of achievement.In the past few decades,foreign research on collective efficacy has accumulated a considerable number of empirical research results.In recent years,the study of collective efficacy has gradually shifted from the field of social psychology to the field of educational psychology,such as research on teachers' collective efficacy and class collective efficacy.In addition,the study of collective efficacy in athletic sports organizations and sports groups has received increasing attention.However,in the field of sports and exercise psychology,the study of the collective efficacy about the general population has just started,and the research on the collective efficacy of middle school students lacks for empirical research results.The rapid changes in modern lifestyles,the dramatic changes in the spatial structure of urban life and the one-child problem have led to a significant reduction in the chances of teenage play with brothers and sisters or companions.This reduction in collective life experience,making part of the young people prone to eccentric,autistic and other social barriers.They are more introverted,do not want to interact with others or do not like the collective activities,resulting in their collective life is bored or even escape,which for their physical and mental health growth is very negative.In addition,the current decline in physical health of young people has become an indisputable fact.So it is imminent to explore the psychological problems associated with the collective life of young people.Based on this,our study aims to explore the connotation and structure of middle school students' collective efficacy,the influencing factors and the mechanism of action in the behavior of middle school students on the basis of the existing research on collective efficacy.So as to enrich the empirical research results in the field of collective efficacy research and provide valuable reference for the development of adolescent physical and mental health.Through the rooting theory,the questionnaire survey and the field experiment research,the main findings and research conclusions of this study are as follows:1.The connotation and structure of middle school students' collective efficacy.Rooted in the context of Chinese collectivist culture,the collective efficiency of middle school students refers to the perception and evaluation of the comprehensive ability and overall confidence of the middle school students in the collective to complete the specific collective goals.It includes collective consciousness,team competency and target achievement.Compared with the western research results,the structure of the collective efficacy of middle school students not only inherited the existing research results at home and abroad,but also has its own cultural characteristics,such as the collective consciousness dimension,it is deeply influenced by Chinese traditional culture and labeled with the brand of oriental collectivism culture.2.Questionnaire of Middle School Students' Collective Efficacy.The questionnaire on collective efficacy of middle school students consists of three dimensions(a total of 22 entries).The collective awareness dimension consists of 8 entries;the team competency dimension contains 10 entries;and the target dimension consists of four entries.The three-dimensional structure of middle school students'collective efficacy is scientifically reasonable and can be used to measure and evaluate the collective efficacy of middle school students.The survey shows that the overall level of collective efficacy of middle school students in China is on the middle.3.The influencing factors of middle school students' collective efficacy.Based on McGrath's team effectiveness "I-P-O" model,the main influencing factors of the collective efficacy of middle school students come from three aspects:individual internal cognition,collective level behavior and external environment.Among them,self-efficacy has significant positive predictive effect on team competency and target achievement.Team identity has significant positive predictive effect on collective consciousness and target achievement.Team sense plays a regulatory role in self-efficacy and self-Collective consciousness.Both the survey and the experimental study show that the successful experience gained by the team in the past has a significant positive effect on the collective efficacy of middle school students.The family environment has a significant effect on the collective efficacy of middle school students.The authoritarian type,the laissez-faire type and the spoiled type of parenting style have negative predictive effect on the collective efficacy of middle school students.On the contrary,the authoritative type of parenting style has a positive effect on the collective effect of middle school students.In addition,the collective efficacy level of middle school students who have brothers and sisters is relatively higher than the only child.4.The mechanism of collective effect of middle school students in exercise behavior.Both the survey and the experimental study show that the collective efficacy of middle school students can directly predict team awareness and athletic performance.The survey shows that the collective efficacy of middle school students can directly predict the persistence of exercise and indirectly affect the exercise of middle school students through the intermediary role of the key members of the team.In addition,the collective efficacy of middle school students can also influence the athletic performance of middle school students through the intermediary role of teacher leadership.