Government Behavior, Inequality Of Opportunity And Economic Growth

The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era,and the main social contradictions in our country have been transformed into contradictions between the people's increasing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development.Among such imbalanced and inadequate developments,the most concern is the imbalanced and inadequate problems brought about by the different development opportunities of regions and cities.In addition,2020 is also a key year for China 's overall poverty alleviation.Under this condition,by studying the relationship between local government behavior,inequality of opportunity and urban economic growth,it is not only helpful to understand the imbalance of urban economic development,but also conducive to Understand the role of government behavior in economic development from a new theoretical perspective,and provide the necessary code of conduct for government behavior.First,this article uses the China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS)2005,2006,2008,2010-2013,and 2015 survey data to use parameter methods to calculate the inequality of opportunity and inequality of efforts in China and provinces over the years.The income inequality of Chinese residents as a whole shows a state of reduced volatility,from 0.5576 in 2004 to 0.4986 in 2014.Opportunity inequality also declined.The absolute values of opportunity inequality in 2004,2005,2007,2009-2012,and 2014 were 0.2233,0.2146,0.1758,0.1672,0.1739,0.1551,0.1515,and 0.1209,respectively.The ratio was 40.05%,41.40%,32.75%,32.57%,31.76%,30.51%,31.69%,24.25%.From the perspective of provinces,the inequality of opportunity in different provinces over the years is also significantly different.Taking 2014 as an example,Sichuan,Tianjin,Fujian,Heilongjiang,Beijing,Jilin,Shanghai,Guangdong,Liaoning and other provinces(cities)have unequal opportunities The proportion is relatively low,and the overall proportion is less than 20%;in 2014,Chongqing,Hunan,Hebei,Henan,Guangxi,Anhui,Gansu and other provinces(cities)accounted for a relatively high proportion of unequal opportunities.Secondly,the use of macroeconomic model studies of inequality of opportunity and economic growth shows that inequality of opportunity will have a significant negative impact on economic growth,inequality of efforts will have a significant positive impact on economic growth,and the inequality of efforts will be positive The degree of influence is significantly higher than the negative influence of inequality of opportunity,which ultimately leads to income inequality and economic growth.After multiplying and adjusting the poverty rate,adjusted income inequality has a significant positive effect on GDP growth rate and per capita GDP growth rate,and adjusted opportunity inequality has a significant impact on GDP growth rate and per capita GDP growth rate.Negative impact,while the poverty rate has a negative impact on the GDP growth rate,but it is not significant,but it has a significant negative impact on the per capita GDP growth rate.Thirdly,by constructing a micro-adjustment intermediary model of local government behavior and inequality of opportunity and inequality,the research shows that local government competition will strengthen the division of regions(eastern,northeast,central,and western)and the inequality of opportunity brought by the status of household registration.Weakening the inequality of opportunity brought by the division of cities or rural areas will strengthen the inequality of efforts brought about by the working conditions of economic agents,will weaken the impact of gender on education and sample types on working conditions,and indirectly reduce the inequality of opportunities;fiscal decentralization will reduce Sample types,hukou mobility,gender,father 's education level,and unequal opportunities brought by work status will strengthen the inequality of effort brought by individual education level.In addition,fiscal decentralization will reduce the gender and father 's education level to economic subject 's education level Impact,reduce the impact of regional division,sample type,gender and father's education level on individual work status,thereby indirectly reducing opportunity inequality;promotion incentives will directly weaken opportunities brought by environmental variables such as regional division,sample type,father's education level Inequality Inequality and unequal efforts brought by individual work conditions,promotion incentives will indirectly weaken the zoning of opportunities through individual education status,and indirectly enhance the opportunity inequality brought by father 's education level through individual education status,through work status Indirectly weaken the inequality of opportunity brought by the area,sample type and household registration status.Finally,there is significant opportunity inequality in China 's urban economic development.Opportunity inequality at the top of the quantile decreased from 2006 to 2011,and inequality at the top of the quantile increased from 2012 to 2017.A detailed study of the inequality of opportunity in China 's urban economic development shows that the inequality of opportunity in China 's urban economic development decreased from 2004 to 2017,and the absolute value of opportunity inequality gradually decreased from 0.2059 in 2004 to 0.1742 in 2012.After that,it gradually increased to the maximum value of 0.2325 in 2017.The current urban economic development opportunities are more unequal than ever before;before 2014,the proportion of opportunities for urban economic development in China was basically between 45% and 49% After 2014,with the proposal of national strategies such as the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt,the proportion of urban inequality in China 's cities has risen rapidly to about 55%;The proportion of opportunity inequality occupies an absolute position in the overall opportunity inequality.Although the proportion has been reduced,the inequality of opportunity caused by regional division still occupies a considerable position,followed by the opportunity for the implementation of the central urban policy.Equality,unequal opportunities brought by provincial capital cities,resource-based cities,and urban leadership characteristics bring unequal opportunities;Environmental variables will bring indirect opportunity inequality through local government behavior,and changes in local government behavior will indeed affect indirect channel inequality,in which the greatest degree of local government competition and the greatest degree of fiscal decentralization will reduce The role of indirect channels reduces the inequality of indirect opportunities,while the lowest level of local government competition and the greatest degree of fiscal decentralization will expand the indirect role and thus increase the inequality of indirect channels.This article systematically explores the relationship between inequality of opportunity and economic growth,and studies the role of government behavioral decision-making from the macro and micro perspectives.Finally,it comprehensively affects the inequality of opportunity,influencing factors,and optimal government Conducting research on behaviors has important theoretical and practical significance for resolving the current imbalanced and insufficient development of our country and combating poverty.