The Formation And Activities Of The Soviet Military Control Agency In Germany (1945-1949)

Before the end of the Second World War,the anti-fascist Allies had begun to consider and negotiate the disposition of the defeated Germany.On November 14,1944,the United States,Soviet Union,and the United Kingdom signed the "Agreement on the Control Machinery in Germany",which proposed a control model-"partition jurisdiction(occupation)+ common coordination".On May 8,1945,Nazi Germany surrendered unconditionally,and the anti-fascist war in Europe ended successfully.On June 5,the anti-fascist Allies formally imposed partition occupation on Germany according to the agreement reached.Since then,the supreme power of Germany has been taken over by the governments of the United States,the Soviet Union,the United Kingdom and the provisional government of France,the four commanders-in-chief assumed the highest leadership in their respective occupied areas and jointly formed a unified collective authority-Allied Control Council for Germany.In order to prevent the resurgence and reconstruction of German Nazism and militarism,the Soviet Union believed that it was necessary to fundamentally transform German society.On June 6,1945,the People's Committee of the Soviet Union issued a resolution,officially announcing the establishment of Soviet Military Administration in Germany,which shall responsible for implementation of all Soviet control matters in the German occupation zone.In order to implement the relevant political resolutions of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences regarding the disposal of Germany,''Denazification'' transformation involving a wide range of fields such as military,political,economic,educational,and cultural was carried out in the Soviet occupied area.At the same time,a series of measures had been takern concerning social security,labor placement and social security of German local residents and immigrants,repair of health and education systems,etc.to rectify the chaotic state of social life in the Soviet occupied area after the war.In addition,the large-scale transfer and utilization of German science and technology,patent achievements and scientific and technological elites had enabled the Soviet Union to quickly and completely change the "Frontline of Technology" situation,especially had a major impact on the development of the Soviet military industry after the war.The establishment and functional regulations of the Soviet MilitaryAdministration in Germany were important steps in the implementation of the Allies control agreement on Germany.As the leading and direct working organization for the control of the Soviet-occupied area,it played a key role in achieving the control objectives,completing the control tasks,as well as in the future development direction and road selection and presupposition of Germany.While transforming the German society according to the Soviet model,it completed the political de-Naziization and Democratization considered by the Soviet Union,and established the German political and economic central institutions and their branches dominated by the left-wing pro-Soviet party,thus ensuring the implementation and realization of Soviet interests.However,with the gradual eradication of the remnants of the German Nazis and the escalation of "Cold War" situation between the United States and the Soviet Union,irreconcilable contradictions between the Allies over the German occupation policy and the principle of a unified state emerged.The Allied Control Council for Germany,established on the basis of wartime allied cooperative relationship,gradually collapsed and finally became almost useless.On October 7,1949,the German Democratic Republic was established.On November 5,the Soviet Military Administration in Germany,which had been functioning in Germany for nearly four and a half years,was finally cancelled,and replaced by the newly established Soviet Control Council for Germany.