A Study On Folk Rituals In Zhuoniidetanggou, Duomei Tibetan Area

In the past,many domestic and foreign Tibetan researchers opposed Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan folk religion.Based on the binary opposition on local and foreign,primitive and institutional religions,regarded Tibetan folk ritual as "nameless religion","shaman’s remnant","shaman Buddhism"," folk religion of Tibetan "," non-institutionalized folk religion" and so on,and excluded folk ritual from T ibetan Buddhism system.However,we have seen in many Tibetan regions,folk ritual is an important component of Tibetan Buddhism and a key vehicle for T ibetan Buddhism that spread in the civil society.This phenomenon has become more and more obvious since the Revival of Tibetan Buddhism.Numerous highly monks were writing a large number of folk ritual documents with local characteristics on the basis of the Buddhist ritual introduced into Tibetan areas,accommodating,absorbing and transforming the local rituals,guided by the Buddhist theory,a complete Tibetan Buddhism folk ritual system has gradually been formed.Compared with the inheritance system of Indian Buddhism in other regions,this uniqueness and richness of folk ritual is also one of the important characteristics of Tibetan Buddhism.In addition,compared with the belief system of the Tibetan Buddhist academy.The folk ritual is more close to the T ibetan people and has a more direct influence on the people,which is reflected in all aspects of ordinary people’s life.Therefore,this research attempts to take the Tibetan Buddhism folk ritual practice in a religious community as the main line,using the religious ethnographic method,record and research Tibetan civil society,to comprehensively and systematically present the overall appearance of Tibetan Buddhism folk ritual,and surpassing the solidify understanding of binary opposition in the past,to re-understanding Tibetan Buddhism folk ritual from a new perspective.In this paper,first of all,from the perspective of Tibetan Buddhism’s own positioning and classification of folk ritual,traced back the historical origin of Tibetan Buddhism’s folk ritual,and it is proposed that Tibetan Buddhism’s folk ritual are the result of Buddhism’s high localization in Tibetan areas.Secondly,based on the field work of Tibetan Buddhism’s folk ritual Jone Detang kog in Amdo Tibetan area,comprehensively and systematically show the overall appearance of the sacred space,operation mechanism,ritual system and ritual structure of T ibetan Buddhism’s folk ritual.At the end,using anthropology theories and methods,this paper makes a functional explanation and symbolic explanation of Tibetan Buddhism folk rituals,and constructs a religious supply and demand model that looks into the sacred space of Tibetan Buddhism folk ritual-physic mediums-ritual experts-audience groups.