| During the Cold War,for the security of the United States and its allies the United States has provided long-term military and economic aid to the allies and the country of important strategic position.After the outbreak of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union,Philippines has become one of the important bases of the United States in Asia to contain Communist expansion because of its important strategic position and the special relationship with the America.After the Philippines’ independent,in order to continue to maintain its special rights in the Philippines,the United States has provided the Philippines with a considerable amount of military and economic assistance to influence the domestic political and economic conditions of the Philippines and made the development of the Philippines in line with American interests.The United States wants to make Philippines becoming a "window" for Asia to promote its democracy and make diplomatic choices in favor of the United States internationally,turning the Philippines into a frontier position for the United States to curb communist expansion.This article has mainly studied the military and economic assistance provided by the United States to Philippines;studied the US-Philippine foreign policy from international relations and foreign policy perspective;analyzed the amounts of aid and the effect of the implementation of the United States assistance with specific data.On this basis,we can understand the basic situation of the US-Philippine aid;the reason of the America’s foreign aid policy adjustment,as well as the reasons for changes in US aid to the Philippines,and in-depth analysis of the adjustments and causes of US foreign policy that caused changes in aid policy,and the relationship between changes in US foreign policy and changes in US foreign aid and foreign aid policies.In the first chapter,in order to make the research content more clear,it summarizes the development history of American foreign aid,clarifies the relevant concepts of foreign aid and defines the relevant scope of foreign aid.The United States is one of the most typical countries for providing foreign aid in modern Western countries.This typicality is not only reflected in the fact that its foreign aid policy is controversial at home,and supporters and opponents are diametrically opposed.It also shows that the United States regards foreign aid as the means of realizing foreign policy.Generally speaking,its aid has mainly gone through four stages of development,and the development and changes of each stage are inextricably linked to the Cold War.From this level,it can be said that US foreign aid is the catalyst for the Cold War.The Philippines,as the only colony in the United States,had inextricably linked with the United States after independence.Due to the influence of the Cold War after the war,the Philippines became an important frontier for the United States to implement its Asian strategy.The Philippines suffered huge losses during the World War II,and the United States maintained its special status in the Philippines through various aids.By reviewing and sorting out US-Philippine relations,it can more clearly show the historical development of the Philippines and its strategic position in US diplomacy.The second chapter analyzes the changes in US foreign policy towards the Philippines affected by the Cold War and the adjustments and changes in US aid policy to the Philippines caused by changes in foreign policy.In the early post-war period,due to the United States’ "first Europe before Asia" defensive policy,Southeast Asia did not become the focus of attention of the United States.Therefore,at this time,the United States’ assistance to the Philippines is more of temporary relief assistance,and the related assistance work is mostly carried out under the United Nations relief project.And in order to realize its own national interests,the United States does not hesitate to use the Philippines to pass the Bell Trade Act before the United States passes the Philippine Revival Act.This shows that the status of the Philippines in the US strategic arrangement is not very obvious at this time.The establishment of the new China led to the bankrupt of the plan of United States using China to defense the Soviet Union’s,resulting the readjust of rights balance in the Asian region.The United States adjusts its Asia policy,supporting Japan and constructing the Coastal Island defense line,strengthening the aid to Philippines,and intends to build Philippines into the Democratic Representative of the Asia.But in the face of ruined Philippines,the American aid to Philippines is acute shortage,which makes the United States’ target divorced from the actual action seriously and the effects of the aid is not good enough.The third chapter discusses the United States aid to Philippines after the outbreak of the Korean war.Aid at this stage has a clear Cold War color,so military assistance occupies the main position.Economic assistance is only used as a supplement to military assistance.The purpose of providing economic assistance is to maximize the role of military assistance.And with the development of the Cold War,the United States adjusted its Asian policies and actively supported Japan.In order to cooperate with the Japanese policy of the United States,the United States actively promoted the settlement of the Philippine-Japanese War compensation problem.It can be said that the signing of the Philippine-Japanese Treaty is inseparable from the US forced to the Philippines,and the Philippines can only swallow this bitter pill in order to obtain US assistance.The outbreak of the Korean War changes the Cold War into hot war in the Asian region.In order to stabilize the situation in Asia,the United States accelerates the process of making peace with Japan,actively promotes the settlement on the issue of war reparations between Philippines and Japan.U.S.aid to Philippines has entered a white-hot stage,besides,security and containment become the central goal of U.S.foreign aid at this stage.In order to better implement the assistance to the Philippines,the United States sends a "Bell Mission" to the Philippines,to investigate the realities of the Philippines as a guide for the assistance.At this stage,US aid to the Philippines,regardless of the amount or method of aid,military aid has a large proportion.This also constitutes the obvious characteristics of US aid to the Philippines at this stage,mainly military aid,and economic aid is to better match military aid.The fourth chapter mainly studies the United States aids to Philippines in the Johnson and Kennedy Administration.The United States’ aid policy in the 1960 s has undergone significant adjustments.The most obvious changes have two aspects.First,from the perspective of aid scope,it is not limited to the countries and regions related to US security interests but expanded to the vast number of less developed countries and regions.Second,aid is more institutionalized,the Foreign Aid Act has been promulgated,and the proportion of economic aid has increased.The scope of the cold war in 60 s further expands to the less developed countries and regions,so the United States has adjusted its foreign aid policy accordingly,and promulgated the "Foreign Assistance Act",cutting the number of military aid and increasing the proportion of economic assistance.Due to the special national conditions of the underdeveloped countries,these countries have a strong desire for economic development,so the US foreign aid policy has also been adjusted accordingly.Aid reduces the amount of military aid and increases the proportion of economic aid.Under this guidance,the US assistance to the Philippines has also been adjusted accordingly,changing the previous role of focusing on the security and containment of the Philippines,paying more attention to the economic development of the Philippines,and focusing on solving the domestic economic problems facing the Philippines.The adjustment of the US aid policy to the Philippines was also related to the international environment in which the United States was at that time.At that time,the United States was trapped in the quagmire of the Vietnam War and was diplomatically isolated.In order to change this situation,the United States is anxious to obtain Philippine support for its Vietnam War policy,and actively encourages the Philippines to send troops to Vietnam.For this reason,the United States and the Philippines have conducted long-term negotiations and negotiations on the Philippines ’sending troops to Vietnam.It is true that in terms of diplomatic status,the Philippines is a small country,the United States is a superpower,and the Philippines is clearly at a disadvantage.However,the Philippines used the United States to use the Philippines to change its isolated position in Vietnam policy,and accordingly received assistance from Vietnam for sending troops.In the end,the Philippines sent troops to Vietnam,the United States increased its assistance to the Philippines,and the Philippines also took the opportunity to solve the problem of war compensation between the two countries that had been dragged for nearly 20 years.The fifth chapter discusses the US foreign aid policy to the Philippines in general.The US aid to the Philippines shows different characteristics and contents in different periods,which is related to changes in the US aid policy to the Philippines and foreign policy.However,no matter how the aid and aid policy change,the main tone of its security and defense policy remains unchanged.Foreign aid as the United States ’position and means for achieving its diplomatic goals in the Philippines remain unchanged,and they are both important tools for the United States to realize its Asian policies and prevent communist subversion.From this point of analysis,foreign aid has a unique position in achieving US foreign policy.After the war,the United States used various aids to influence the domestic political economy of the Philippines,and made the Philippines make diplomatic choices in favor of the United States.But the Philippines,as a small country and a weak country,lies in the process of negotiations with the United States.It does not get nothing,but has more or less a certain say.Even in the process of dealing with the United States,it has partially realized its own demands.Fundamentally,this is related to the important position of the Philippines in the US Asian strategy.After the outbreak of the Cold War,the Philippines,as a chain along the island ’s strategic defense of the United States,is highly valued by the United States for its strategic position.It can be said that with its own strategic advantages,the Philippines also has obtained limited voice.But as long as the situation between the US and the Soviet Union remains unchanged,the Cold War is still a contest between the two sides,and there will be no fundamental change in US aid to the Philippines.The remaining part inspected the basic situation of US assistance to the Philippines after the 1970 s.Generally speaking,due to the improvement of Philippine diplomatic autonomy and the limited effectiveness of US foreign aid,the United States advocates a large-scale reduction of aid to the Philippines and imposes various restrictions on Philippine aid.However,in the specific implementation process of aid,aid to the Philippines has not been reduced on a large scale,which reflects the ambivalence of US aid to the Philippines.On the one hand,due to the Philippine’s domestic political and economic conditions,the United States is unwilling to assume too much responsibility for aid to the Philippines;on the other hand,the United States cannot give up aid to the Philippines for security reasons.In the final analysis,the US interests in the Philippines and the limitations of the Philippines in realizing the US foreign policy have made US aid to the Philippines a tasteless taste that the United States cannot afford to give up.The international situation is complex and ever-changing,and because of its special geographic location,the Philippines has inextricably linked with the United States.This kind of connection will also become closer or alienated due to changes in the Asian situation.The Philippines ’strategic position in US foreign policy remains unchanged,and the relationship between the United States and the Philippines will not change fundamentally. |
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