| Under the background of evolutionary development and economic prosperity,the public is more willing to participate in leisure activities,displaying growing leisure consciousness and robust formation of leisure behavior with gradually improved life quality and rising leisure demands.The present study selects Urumqi Municipality,an important city in western China,as the study area.As the provincial capital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,with 51 ethnic minority groups in residence,Urumqi Municipality is of great study significance regardless of cultural influences or geological features.The present study collects basic information(gender,age,marital status,income,and educational background)of the Uyghur and Han in Urumqi Municipality as well as primary data on their participation in leisure activities,and then makes a comparison between leisure activity importance,leisure behavior,leisure constraints,and leisure satisfaction of the Han and Uyghur ethnic groups.Based on the author’s profound knowledge about the ethnic minority group as a member and comprehensive analysis integrating free-listing and mathematical statistics,the present study aims to provide theoretical and empirical foundation for developing differentiated guiding policies concerning leisure.Different from previous leisure studies on the Han and Uyghur ethnic groups,this study applies the free-listing method based on ethnography,which provides a convenient and precise mode for determining the content of cultural domains.The dissertation includes eight chapters: introduction,theoretical study,study area,data and methods,three analysis chapters and the conclusion.Chapter I,“Introduction,” provides an analysis on the focus,trend and background of leisure studies in China and abroad,then puts forward the research questions of the study,summarizes research objectives and research contents,illustrates the theories,methods applied as well as the practical significance of the study.Chapter II,“Literature Review and Theoretical Framework,” gives a definition of leisure,then presents a review and summary of leisure studies in China and abroad from different aspects including leisure activities,leisure industries,leisure economy,leisure constraints,leisure motivation,leisure attitudes,leisure satisfaction and so on.Chapter III,“Introduction to the Study Area,” introduces the information and situation of the Han and Uyghur ethnic groups in Urumqi Municipality,for example,the historical backgrounds.The dissertation introduces the process of data collection and analysis methods.The data of present study is collected by free-listing and questionnaire.There are two rounds of data collection.The first collection is conducted based on free-listing while the second is based on a questionnaire designed according to the results of the free-listing.Chapter IV also introduces detailed information on the free-listing as well as the results and limitations.In terms of the questionnaire,Chapter IV introduces the contents and parts of the questionnaire,then the data analysis,finally the groups sampled form respondents.The present study applies ANTHROPAC 4.98 and SPSS 22.0 to the analysis on data.Finally,data analysis on the basis of descriptive statistics is conducted in this chapter.The dissertation makes a comparison of leisure participation of the Han and Uyghur ethnic groups.Based on free-listing and mathematical statistics,the study results are as follows: first,according to the salience of Uyghurs’ leisure activities calculated by ANTHROPAC through the data of free-listing,there are 7 activities with the salience(Smith’s S)over 0.1,35 activities with leisure participation rate over 40%,7 activities with leisure participation rate under 40%,33 activities with the importance of leisure activities over 2.5,5 activities with the importance of leisure activities under 2.0.Second,the present study applies SPSS to make an analysis on the difference of Uyghurs’ leisure participation rate and the importance of leisure activities respectively with gender,age group and the place of residence involved,the results are as follows: there are significant differences in leisure participation rate between respondents from different genders,age groups and places of residence.For the Han ethnic group,there are 9 activities with the salience over 0.1,30 activities with leisure participation rate over 40%,12 activities with leisure participation rate under 40%;there are 26 activities with the importance of leisure activities over 2.5 and 6 activities with the importance of leisure activities under 2.0.Finally,the present study applies SPSS to analyze the difference of the Hans’ leisure participation rate and the importance of leisure activities respectively with gender,age group and the place of residence involved,and it is found that there is a significant difference of leisure participation rate only between the respondents of different genders.The dissertation focuses on the comparison of leisure constraints of the Han and Uyghur ethnic groups.Based on free-listing and mathematical statistics,the study results are as follows: first,according to the salience(Smith’s S)of the Uyghurs’ leisure constraints calculated by ANTHROPAC using free-listing,there are 9 leisure constraints with the importance over 3.5,21 constraints with the importance over 3.0 and 6 constraints with the importance under 3.0.Second,the present study applies SPSS to analyze the difference of the Uyghurs’ leisure participation rate,the importance of leisure activities,the importance of leisure constraints and leisure satisfaction respectively with gender,age group and the place of residence involved The results are as follows: there is a significant difference between the leisure participation rate of respondents of different gender,but for other factors involved,there is no significant difference;there is a significant difference between the leisure satisfaction of respondents of all the factors involved except for age group;there is a significant difference between the importance of leisure constraints and leisure participation rate of respondents from different places of residence.Compared with the Uyghur,there are 3 leisure constraints with the salience over 0.1,17 leisure constraints with the importance over 3.0,23 leisure constraints with the importance over 2.5,and only 2 constraints with the importance under 2.5 for the Han.There is no significant influence on the leisure constraints of the Han caused by gender,age group and place of residence.The dissertation makes a comparative analysis on the leisure satisfaction of the Han and Uyghur ethnic groups.Measured from nine aspects,the Uyghur ethnic minority has a very high leisure satisfaction of 4.83.By applying SPSS to the variation of the Uyghur ethnic minority’s leisure satisfaction in terms of gender,age group and place of residence,there is no significant difference among the above factors of the Han and Uyghur ethnic groups.The Han ethnic group has a relatively high leisure satisfaction of 4.51,there are significant differences between the leisure satisfaction of different age groups in the Han ethnic group.Based on research contents of Chapter V,VI and VII,Chapter VIII draws a conclusion on the analysis on and comparison of leisure participation rate,average importance,leisure constraints and leisure satisfaction and then puts forward suggestions.The leisure participation rate of Uyghur is generally higher than that of the Hans,especially for group activities such as dancing and playing football.The average importance of leisure activities of the Han and Uyghur ethnic groups is similar,but for the same items,the Uyghur score higher than the Hans.The average importance of leisure constraints of the Uyghur is 0.17 higher than that of the Hans.As for individual constraints,the average importance of no companion,family and social environment of the Uyghur is much higher than that of the Hans,meanwhile,the average importance of all constraints of the Uyghur is higher than that of the Hans except for lack of support from family,poor health,laziness and lack of energy.The average degree of leisure satisfaction of the Uyghur is 0.23 higher than that of the Hans.Except for degree of leisure,leisure quality and cost,the average degree of leisure satisfaction of the Uyghur is significantly higher than that of the Hans,especially for the freedom in leisure activities. |
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